Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating
|
Cognition
|
|
A mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people
|
Concept
|
|
A mental image or best example of a category
|
Prototype
|
|
A methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem
|
Algorithm
|
|
A simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgements and solve problems efficiently
|
Heuristic
|
|
A sudden and often novel realisation of the solution to a problem
|
Insight
|
|
A tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore distort contradictory evidence
|
Confirmation Bias
|
|
The inability to see a problem from a new perspective, by employing a different mental set
|
Fixation
|
|
A tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past
|
Mental Set
|
|
The tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual function
|
Functional Fixedness
|
|
Judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent or match particular prototypes
|
Representativeness Heuristic
|
|
Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory
|
Availability Heuristic
|
|
The tendency to be more confident than correct - to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgements
|
Overconfidence
|
|
Clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited
|
Belief Perseverance
|
|
An effortless, immediate automatic feeling or thought
|
Intuition
|
|
The way an issue is posed
|
Framing
|
|
Our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning
|
Language
|
|
In language, the smallest distinctive sound unit
|
Phoneme
|
|
In a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with an understand others
|
Morpheme
|
|
In a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others
|
Grammar
|
|
The set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language
|
Semantics
|
|
The rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language
|
Syntax
|
|
Beginning at about 4 months, the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language
|
Babbling Stage
|
|
The stage in speech development, from about age 1 to 2, during which a child speaks mostly in single words
|
One-Word Stage
|
|
Beginning about age 2, the stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly two-word statements
|
Two-Word Stage
|
|
Early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram - "go car" - using mostly nouns and verbs
|
Telagraphic Speech
|
|
Impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca's area (impairing speaking) or to Wernicke's area (impairing understanding)
|
Aphasia
|
|
Controls language expression - an area of the frontal lobe usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech
|
Broca's Area
|
|
Controls language reception; usually in the left temporal lobe
|
Wernicke's Area
|
|
Whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think
|
Linguistic Determinism
|