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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the datum and its purpose when making weight and balance computations? |
It is an imaginary line from which all measurements are taken both FORWARD and AFT to determine the relative location of items in the aircraft. |
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What items concerning weight and balance could be found in the TCDS? "Type Certificate Data Sheet" |
C.G. limits, datum, max weight, leveling means, seat locations, baggage capacity and location, fuel capacity and location, engine horsepower, unusable fuel and location, oil weight and location. |
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What is the purpose of weight and balance control? |
For safety and effeciency in flight. |
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When computing weight and balance, what is the "moment" and how is it obtained? |
Moment is the force which tends to rotate the aircraft about one of its axis. It is obtained by multiplying the weight of an item (pounds) by the distance of the item from the datum (inches). (W × A = M) |
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How would a negative moment be obtained forward of the datum? |
By adding weight |
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What is the "ARM" of an item and how is it obtained? |
The "ARM" is the distance (in inches) an item is located either forward or aft of the datum. It is obtained either by actual measurement or from the aircraft weight and balance records. |
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What is "tare weight" and how is it handled when making weight and balance calculations? |
It is the weight of extra equipment used for weighing the aircraft such as chocks, blocks, jacks and chains. Tare weight must be subtracted from the scale readings to obtain the empty weight of the aircraft. |
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What is meant by "minimum fuel" and how is it calculated for weight and balance? |
The amount of fuel needed for an extreme condition check to see if the center of gravity will be out of limits in that situation. For a reciprocating engine airplane, the calculation is: maximum except takeoff horsepower divided by two (METO ÷ 2) |
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What is meant by residual fuel? |
It is the undrainable fuel or unusable fuel. It is part of the aircrafts empty weight. |
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What is meant by the center of gravity range? |
It is the distance in inches from the most forward center of gravity to the most rearward acceptable center of gravity. |
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What is an aircraft loading graph? |
A method for determining load distribution so that the aircraft remains within its operating C.G. range |
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How would you determine the emtpy weight and empty weight C.G. of an aircraft if all weight and balance records are missing? |
You re-weigh the aircraft and calculate new weight and balance records. |
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What is the difference between fixed wing and rotor wing (helicopter) aircraft C.G. ranges? |
The C.G. in a helicopter is much more critical than fixed wing aircraft (forward, aft, port and starboard must be calculated). Some helicopters C.G. range will be less than 3 inches |
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When weighing an aircraft to determine the empty weight C.G., what must you do with regard to the fixed equipment which is normally carried in the aircraft? |
All equipment must be included in the aircrafts empty weight. |
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Why do some manufactures specify an empty weight C.G. even though the aircraft is not operated at this empty weight? |
When the empty weight C.G. falls within the empty weight C.G. range, it is unnecessary to perform a weight and balance check if standard loading and seating arrangements are used. |
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Why must the aircraft category be considered when computing weight and balance? |
Some aircraft are certified in both normal and utility categories. This means a different maximum allowable gross weight depending on which category the aircraft will be operated in for that day. (Two different useful load calculations) |
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Where is the center of gravity located in relation to the aerodynamic center of lift for most airplanes? |
In front of the center of lift. |
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What are 2 common ways of representing the C.G. of an aircraft? |
Inches from the datum, or percent of mean aerodynamic chord (%Mac). |
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Is there a federal regulation that requires the regular reweighing of private aircraft? |
No. |
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Where must a record of the most recent empty weight and center of gravity be kept? |
It should be maintained in the airplane flight manual or weight and balance records. FAR 23 |
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What should be done in regards to aircraft fuel when performing a weight and balance when draining is not an option? |
The exact weight per gallon should be verified with a hydrometer then the weight of the usable fuel must be mathematically subtracted in the weight and balance calculations. |
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How should aircraft fuel be drained for weight and balance? |
Level the aircraft and then drain the fuel system until empty. |
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What is a ballast? |
A ballast can be lead bars, metal plates, sandbags or other items of weight which are placed in the aircraft to attain a desired C.G. location |
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If the forward C.G. limit of an aircraft is exceeded after installing several items in the engine compartment how could the limit be returned to limits without removing or changing any of the newly installed equipment? |
By adding weight to the rear of the aircraft. |
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What are the placard requirements for ballasts? |
The placard must have limitations on contents, including weight, that are necessary under the loading requirements. |
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What is recommended for marking of permanent ballast? |
Mark with "permanent ballast do not remove" In Red Paint |
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How should an aircraft be leveled for weighing during a weight and balance? |
It should be levelled per the requirements of the aircraft specifications or type certificate data sheet. |
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Name one common method of levelling an aircraft during weight and balance? |
You may use a Built-in levelling scale and a plumb Bob. |
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Describe a plump Bob and its use. |
It is a heavy object in the shape of a cone that is used to determine a spot directly below the point the tool is hanging from. |
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How can you determine if a part will affect the C.G. without weighing the aircraft? |
By basic computation if the weight and balance records are up-to-date |
