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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Unconfined Aquifer |
in which water seeps from the ground surface directly above the aquifer |
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Confined Aquifer |
in which an impermeable dirt/rock layer exists that prevents water from seeping into the aquifer from the ground surface located directly above. Instead, water seeps into confined aquifers from farther away where the impermeable layer doesn't exist |
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Aquifer |
an underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock or unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, or silt) from which groundwater can be extracted using a water well |
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Water Table |
is the surface where the water pressure head is equal to the atmospheric pressure(where gauge pressure = 0). It may be conveniently visualized as the "surface" of the subsurface materials that are saturated with groundwater in a given vicinity |
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Ground Water Recharge |
is a hydrologic process where water moves downward from surface water to groundwater. This process usually occurs in the vadose zone below plant roots and is often expressed as a flux to the water table surface. |
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Flood Plain |
an area of land adjacent to a stream or river that stretches from the banks of its channel to the base of the enclosing valley walls and experiences flooding during periods of high discharge |
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Oligotrophic Lake |
is a lake with low primary productivity, the result of low nutrient content. These lakes have low algalproduction, and consequently, often have very clear waters, with high drinking-water quality |
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Mesotrophic Lake |
lakes with an intermediate level of productivity. These lakes are commonly clear water lakes and ponds with beds of submerged aquatic plants and medium levels of nutrients |
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Eutrophic Lake |
has high biological productivity. Due to excessive nutrients, especially nitrogen and phosphorus, these water bodies are able to support an abundance of aquatic plants. Usually the water body will be dominated either by aquatic plants or algae |
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Impermeable Surface |
mainly artificial structures—such as pavements (roads, sidewalks, driveways and parking lots) that are covered by impenetrable materials such as asphalt, concrete, brick, and stone--and rooftops. Soils compacted by urbandevelopment are also highly impervious |
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Levee |
is an elongated naturally occurring ridge or artificially constructed fill or wall, which regulates water levels |
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Dike |
is an elongated naturally occurring ridge or artificially constructed fill or wall, which regulates water levels |
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Dam |
is a barrier that impounds water or underground streams. The reservoirs created by dams not only suppress floods but provide water for various needs to include irrigation, human consumption, industrial use,aquaculture and navigability |
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Fish Ladder |
is a structure on or around artificial and natural barriers (such as dams, locks and waterfalls) to facilitate diadromous fishes' natural migration |
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Gray Water |
also includes waste water from clothes washing machines but doesn't include discharge from dishwashers and kitchen sinks |
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Aqueduct |
constructed to convey watercourses across gaps such as valleys or ravines |
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Distillation |
is a process of separating the component substances from a liquid mixture by selective evaporation andcondensation |
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Reverse Osmosis |
is a water purification technology that uses a semipermeable membrane. This membrane technology is not properly a filtration method. In reverse osmosis, an applied pressure is used to overcome osmotic pressure, a colligative property, that is driven by chemical potential, a thermodynamic parameter. Reverse osmosis can remove many types of molecules and ions from solutions, and is used in both industrial processes and the production of potable water |
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Furrow Irrigation |
is conducted by creating small parallel channels along the field length in the direction of predominant slope |
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Spray Irrigation |
providing irrigation to vegetation, or for recreation, as a cooling system, or for the control of airborne dust |
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Drip Irrigation |
is an irrigation method that saves water and fertilizer by allowing water to drip slowly to the roots of plants, either onto the soil surface or directly onto the root zone, through a network of valves, pipes, tubing |
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Hydroponics |
a subset of hydroculture and is a method of growing plants using mineral nutrient solutions, in water, without soil |