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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Classifications of Bones: 1. Long Bones: |
long and slender as are many of the bones in the upper and lower limbs. Examples: humerus, radius, ulna, tibia and fibula. |
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2. Short Bones: |
box-like in shape. Examples: carpal bones of the wrist and the tarsal bones of the ankle |
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3. Flat Bones: |
have thin, roughly parallel layers of compact bone that sandwich a layer of spongy bone. Examples: bones that form the roof of the skull, scapula, sternum and ribs. |
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4. Irregular Bones: |
complex shapes. Examples" vertebrae, ethmoid, sphenoid and temporal bones |
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5. Sesamoid Bones: |
typically small and round and develop within tendons. Examples: the patella (knee cap), is exceptional in being a large sesamoid bone. |
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6. Sutural (Wormian) Bones: |
small, flat, oddly shaped bones found between the flat bones of the skull along the suture. These bones are highly variable in presence, size and shape. They are NEVER given individual names. |
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Bone Markings (Surface Features) A. Elevations and projections: 1. Process- |
general term for projection of bump
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2. Ramus- |
extension of a bone at an angle to rest of bone (body) |
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B. Process for Tendons and Ligaments 1. Trochanter- |
large, touch projection (Applies only to the proximal femur) |
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2. Tuberosity- |
rough projections |
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3. Tubercle- |
a round projection |
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4. Crest- |
prominent ridge |
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5. Line- |
low ridge |
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6. Spine- |
pointed process |
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C. Process for Articulations 1. Head- |
expanded articular end of epiphysis |
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2. Neck- |
narrow constriction below head |
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3. Condyle- |
smooth, round articular process |
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4. Trochlea- |
smooth, grooved articular process shaped like a pulley |
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5. Facet- |
small flat articular surface |
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D. Depressions 1. Fossa- |
shallow depression |
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2. Sulcus- |
narrow groove |
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E. Openings 1. Foramen- |
rounded passageway |
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2. Fissure- |
elongated cleft |
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3. Canal- |
passageway through bone |
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4. Sinus- |
chamber within bone normally filled with air |