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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
James Fenimore Cooper
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"Last of the Mohicans" First true American novelist, wrote of the experiences of the frontiersmen in the American wilderness and their experiences with the Native Americans.
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Walt Whitman
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"Leaves of Grass" Romantic poet, free verse, love of American democracy and individuality
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Herman Melville
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Novelist, "Moby Dick," teacher, sailor, psychological themes
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Edgar Allan Poe
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Poet and short story writer, "The Raven", "The House of Usher," themes - pain, horror, fear
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Ralph Waldo Emerson
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Transcendentalist, essayist - complicated sentences pregnant with meaning
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Henry David Thoreau
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"Walden," Transcendentalist, civil disobedience
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Nathaniel Hawthorne
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"Scarlet Letter," dangers of individuality, a man's ego the 'serpent' that lies at the heart of human misery.
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Father Theobald Matthew
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drinking a moral evil, urged pledge of abstinence (originator of the "Prom Promise"??) promoted by the Teetotal Abstinence Society - pledge taken by 500,000
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William Gilmore Simms
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most distinguished Southern "man of letters" in 1840s, supported class division, slavery and secession in his writings
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Neal Dow
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drinking a moral evil, called "Napoleon of Temperance" for his role in passing the Main Temperance Law of 1846
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Wendell Phillips
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lectured against slavery as an evil, persuaded the academics with his logical thinking, gave up his legal practice because the Constitution allowed slavery
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Robert Owen
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Utopian community in New Harmony, IN, that failed due to the dissension, laziness of members and DISharmony, opposed owning private property-organized religion-marriage, thought character of children (born 'good') formed by their environment, opposed to physical punishment of children and thought they should study rather than work
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George Ripley
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objected to evils of competitive economics (reaction to Panic of 1837), organized Brook Farm (outside Boston) - lasted 6 years and was attended by many leading intellectuals such as Hawthorne and Emerson, founded well-known school
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John Humphrey Noyes
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opposed sin in society, started two Utopian communities - best known was Oneida, NY, controversial positions on "complex marriage" (multiple sexual partners) and "scientific propagation" (eugenics)
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Joseph Smith
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founded the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (Mormons), criticized for polygamy, preached in the "burned over district", murdered
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Brigham Young
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Led Mormons to Salt Lake City, UT, where the church flourished
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"Mother" Ann Lee
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founded the "Shakers," emphasized separation of the sexes and celibacy, known for hand-crafts (especially furniture)
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Charles Grandison Finney
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Second Great Awakening revivalist, emphasized emotionalism
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William Loyd Garrison
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for immediate abolition of slavery, edited "The Liberator," efforts helped to bring about the passage of the 13th amendment abolishing slavery (1865), later efforts included other reform causes
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Theodore Dwight Weld
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best known white abolitionist, wrote influential pamphlet, "American Slavery As It Is," disciple of Finney, friends of fellow abolitionists the Tappen Brothers and Grimke sisters (married Angelina Grimke), followers known as "the seventy", converted large numbers of people to abolitionist cause, fired from Lane Seminary because he helped students to revolt
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David Walker
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radical free African American abolitionist from NC, advocated use of violence, "The Appeal"
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Frederick Douglass
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former slave, most influential African American abolitionist, author/editor of "The North Start," parted with Garrison over differing ideas, autobiography influenced Lincoln, appointed ambassador to Haiti
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Harriet Tubman
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escaped slavery, Underground Railroad, "Moses" of her people, 19 tips back into slave territory, helped over 300 slaves escape, spy for Union army in Civil War
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Lyman Beecher
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drinking a moral evil, began society for the Reformation of Morals and American Society for the Promotion of Temperance - led to the Maine Anti-Liquor ("blue" or "prohibition" laws) of 1846 (later the 18th amendment in the 1920s; repealed by the 21st amendment in 1933), first President of Lane Seminary, 13 children - 7 sons all became clergymen and 2 daughters became well-known writers, became famous in 1804 for sermon on death of Alex Hamilton in duel with Aaron Burr, tried by Presbyterian Church for his "new school" (liberal) beliefs, started American Bible Society
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Catherine Beecher
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daughter of Lyman Beecher, promoted exercise for girls and getting them out of restrictive corsets, wrote "Treatise on Domestic Economy," moderate feminist - women to be "keepers at home"
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Harriet Beecher Stowe
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author of "Uncle Tom's Cabin", became interested in abolition when family lived in Main, Lincoln referred to her as the "little lady who started a great war"
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Dorothea Dix
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fought for better conditions for mentally ill - wanted them separated from criminals in prisons, detailed abuses in almshouses and prisons
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Elizabeth Cady Stanton
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feminist and primary organizer of the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention where "Declaration of Sentiments" was pronounced, determined organizer
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Lucretia Mott
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criticized slavery, male domination, drinking, war and good friend of Stanton, helped to organize Seneca Falls Convention, active part in Underground Railroad, emphasized importance of the vote of women, argued against notion of "separate spheres" for men and women
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Elizabeth Blackwell
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first female physician in U?S, born in England and returned there at end of life
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Amelia Bloomer
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inventor of the "bloomer" - clothing innovation that permitted women to enjoy less restrictive dress, ride bicycles, and experience less danger from hearth fires
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Sarah and Angelina Grimke
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sisters, anti-slavery lectures, created controversy, rebuked by the MA clergy because they violated women's "proper place"
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Elijah Lovejoy
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called for immediate abolition of slavery, printing press destroyed several times - built new ones, fiery speaker, fanatic, killed at one of his presses and became an abolitionist martyr
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Alihu Burritt
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hated modern warfare, organized League of Universal Brotherhood whose members pledged not to support future wars
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Dr. Sylvester Graham
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condemned tobacco, tea, coffee, alcohol and many foods - advocated eating course bread ("Graham crackers") and fruits and vegetables, wearing light clothing, sleeping on hard mattresses, exercising daily, and bathing 3 times a week - established boarding houses to enforce his principles
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Horace Mann
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promoted improvement of public schools and teacher training, Secretary of MA Board of Education, increased teacher salaries, lengthened school year, enforced attendance
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