Apush Chapter 19 Vocab

School of architecture dedicated to the design of buildings whose form expressed, rather than masked, their structure and function

An urban aid society that served members of an ethnic immigrant group, usually those from a particular province or town; these societies functioned as fraternal clubs that collected dues from members in order to pay support in case of death or disability

A term used for an attack on African-Americans by white mobs, triggered by political conflicts, street altercations, or rumors of crime; in some cases, such "riots" were not spontaneous but planned in advance by a group of leaders seeking to enforce white supremacy

A high-density, cheap, five- or six-story housing unit designed for working-class urban populations; in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, tenements became a symbol of urban immigrant poverty

A professional stage show popular in the 1880s and 1890s that included singing, dancing, and comedy routines; it created a form of family entertainment for the urban masses that deeply influenced later forms, such as radio shows and television sitcoms

Form of music, apparently named for its "ragged rhythm," that became wildly popular in the early twentieth century among audiences of all classes and races and that ushered in an urban dance craze; borrowed from working-class African-Americans by enthusiasts who were white and middle class

A form of American music that originated in the Deep South, especially from the black workers in the cotton fields of the Mississippi Delta

A derogatory term for newspapers that specialize in sensationalistic reporting; yellow journalism is associated with the inflammatory reporting by the Hearst and Pulitzer newspapers leading up to the Spanish-American War in 1898

A critical term, first applied by Theodore Roosevelt, for investigative journalists who published exposés of political scandals and industrial abuses

A complex, hierarchical party organization such as New York's Tammany Hall, whose candidates remained in office on the strength of their political organization and their personal relationship with voters, especially working-class immigrants who had little alternative access to political power

A political reform organization that advised cities to elect small councils and hire professional city managers who would direct operations like a corporate executive

A loose term for political reformers- especially those from the elite and middle classes- who worked to improve the political system, fight poverty, conserve environmental resources, and increased government involvement in the economy; giving their name to the "Progressive Era," such reformers were often prompted to act by fear that mass, radical protests by workers and farmers would spread, as well as by their desire to enhance social welfare and social justice

A turn-of-the-twentieth-century movement that advocated landscape beautification, playgrounds, and more and better urban parks

A community welfare center that investigated the plight of the urban poor, raised funds to address urgent needs, and helped neighborhood residents advocate on their own behalf; they became a nationally recognized reform strategy during the Progressive Era

One of the first and most famous social settlements, founded in 1889 by Jane Addams and her companion Ellen Gates Starr in an impoverished, largely Italian immigrant neighborhood on Chicago's west side

1906 law regulating the conditions in the food and drug industries to ensure a safe supply of food and medicine

Begun in New York, a national progressive organization that encouraged women, through their shopping decisions, to support fair wages and working conditions for industrial laborers

A labor organization for women founded it in New York in 1903 that brought elite, middle-class, and working-class women together as allies; they supported union organizing efforts among garment workers

A devastating fire that quickly spread through the Triangle Shirtwaist Company in New York City on March 25, 1911, killing 146 people; in the wake of the tragedy, 56 state laws were passed dealing with such issues as fire hazards, unsafe machines, and wages and working hours for women and children; The fire also provided a national impetus for industrial reform

A well known ragtime composer; the son of former slaves, grew up along the Texas-Arkansas border and took piano lessons as a boy from a German teacher; Introduced ragtime to national audience is at the Chicago World's Fair in 1893; sought to elevate African-American music and secure a broad national audience for ragtime music

Became the mayor of Cleveland 1901; was a reform minded businessman, advocated municipal ownership of utilities and a tax system in which "monopoly and privilege" bore the main burdens; he became an advocate of publicly owned utilities, and one of the nation's most famous and innovative reformers

A Danish-born journalist; he made innovative use of the invention of flash photography, including photographs of tenement interiors interiors in his famous 1890 book, How the Other Half Lives; had a profound influence on Theodore Roosevelt when the future president served as New York City's police commissioner

In 1889 founded the famous Hull House on Chicago's West Side; believed that working-class Americans already knew what they needed, what they lacked were resources to fulfill those needs, as well as a political voice

A nurse who moved to New York City in 1911 and volunteered with a lower East Side settlement; horrified by women suffering from constant pregnancies, she launched a crusade for birth control; wrote a newspaper column called "What Every Girl Should Know"; The publicity that resulted from her column helped her launch a national birth control movement

Journalist who in 1906 exposed some of the most extreme forms of labor exploitation in his novel The Jungle, which described appalling conditions in Chicago to meatpacking plants

Head of the National Consumers' League; a Hull House worker and former chief factory inspector of Illinois, she believed that only government oversight could protect exploited workers; Under her crusading leadership, the NCL became one of the most powerful progressive organizations advocating worker protection laws