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32 Cards in this Set
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- 3rd side (hint)
Menhir
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A prehistoric monument consisting of an upright megalith, usually standing alone but sometimes aligned with others in parallel rows (e.g. Carnac).
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Megalith
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A very large stone used as found or roughly dressed, esp. in ancient construction work.
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(See Dolmen)
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Apse
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A semicircular or polygonal projection of a building, usually vaulted and used esp. at the sanctuary or the east end of a church to define the space for an alter.
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Katsuogi
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Billets located on the roof of a Shinto building, with a higher number determining the buildings importance (e.g. Ise Shrine).
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Torii
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The gateway to a Shinto shrine, also seen as a re-inscription of the Buddhist torana. Is of trabeated construction consisting of two lintels spanning twin beams.
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Chigi
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The extended bargeboards that project beyond the roof to form a fork at the ends of the ridge (e.g. Ise Shrine).
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Shoji
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A room divider or door common in Sukiya-style construction. Made of sheets of translucent washi paper in a wood frame.
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Tokonoma
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An alcove of a room that displays a kakemono or, prized object. Most often found in a Teahouse, the guest of honor would sit with his back to it.
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Tatami
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A straw floor mat used as the modular base for Japanese architecture. A mat is about 3’x6’ or roughly the dimensions of a human frame.
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Sanctuary
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A sacred or holy place. Represents one of the basic Typologies of Architecture (Tomb, Sanctuary/Temple, House). Symbolizes the residence of “God”/ “Unknown” (e.g. Malta).
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Dolmen
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A prehistoric tomb made of large upright stones, capped with a horizontal stone, and originally buried under an earth mound.
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Mastaba
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(Arabic, “bench”) An [ancient] Egyptian tomb marker made of mud brick, rectangular in plan with flat roof and battered (sloping) sides (e.g. Saqqara).
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Pyramid
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An ancient Egyptian tomb marker that is either stepped or a true pyramid, the exterior was often finished with limestone. Represents the mound that the sun god, Re, created himself from. (See architecture of mass)
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Causeway
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A raised passageway ceremonially connecting the valley temple with an ancient Egyptian pyramid (e.g. Giza).
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Temple
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The ceremonial residing place of a deity: one of the basic Typologies of Architecture. (See Sanctuary)
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Stupa--in addition to symbolizing the holy mountain, symbolizes the cosmos. The stupa represents the universe, the square platform- the heavens, and the chattri- the gods heavens.
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A Buddhist reliquary surrounded by an ambulatory capped by a square platform with a chattri at its center.
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Torana
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An elaborately carved, trabeated gateway that typically marks the entrance to a Stupa located at the four cardinal points. Imitative architecture in that they are carved so as to look like wood.
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Chaitya hall
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A rock-cut sanctuary/assembly hall/cave shrine, designed as a stupa in reverse, with it being carved from the top down and an ambulatory surrounding it. It also serves to symbolize the sacred womb (e.g. Karli). (See Subtractive architecture)
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Vimana
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A terraced towers above the shrine to Shiva or Vishnu (e.g. Mahabalipuram).
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Gopuram
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A terraced tower above a threshold to a Hindu monastery (e.g. Mahabalipuram).
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Shogun Castle
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Consisted of a moat surrounding a battered platform of dressed granite. The township generally radiated from the castle.
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Imitative architecture
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Architecture that imitates natural construction. The Step Pyramid of King Zoser was an example of this.
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Abstract architecture
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Giza pyramids are an example of this in the sense that they weren't imitative and had smooth sides, which showed their focus on geometrical shapes.
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Tectonic Construction
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Buildings made up of individual component parts joined together with all the joints clearly expressed. (An example is Chengde Garden Pavilion)
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Stereotomic Construction
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Buildings that look like a big solid mass even though its made of individual blocks. (Egyptian pyramids are an example of this.)
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Pagoda
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A marker for Buddhist monasteries in China and Japan, it grew from a representation of the stupa to an imitation of the classical Chinese watchtower (although not used for that purpose).
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Talud/Tablero- The Temple of the Feathered Serpent may have marked the first use of the distinctive Teotihuacan architectural profile known as talud-tablero, in which a rectangular panel (the tablero) sitting atop a sloping panel (the talud). The surfaces were usually decorated with murals.
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(1)Based on lashed frame: on platform, modular grid, interchangeable use of space;(Shoji)
(2)Individual pavilions for separate functions, joined by corridors. |
Two types of residential architecture
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Procession
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The journey to the structure. (Finally coming to something great at the end.)
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Feng-Shui
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"If the heavenly influences are auspicious, the geographical features are benificial, and the actions of man are in harmony with the social, cultural, and political situations, the feng-shui is ausspicious. (Literally, "wind-water." Every part is in hrmony with every other part.
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Jen
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In confucianism, the word for moral conduct.
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Li
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In confucianism, the word for a combination of etiquette and ritual traditions.
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