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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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South American Pre-Hispanic Period |
1500 BC to AD 1533 |
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Urban cultural developments in South America were all |
In the Andes (Ecuador to Chile) |
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Andean area conquered |
By Pisarro in 1533 |
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Characterized by larger cultures with broad unification and stability |
Horizons |
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Characterized by regional variations/cultures |
Intermediate periods |
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First use of fired ceramics and beginnings of loom weaving |
Initial Period |
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First period of unification began with |
Chavin, Early Horizon |
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People were controlled by shamans |
Chavin, Early Horizon |
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Type-site of Chavin culture |
Chavin de Huantar |
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Conforms to traditional U-shaped ceremonial complex |
Old Temple (El Castillo) |
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Raimondi Stone (Staff God) |
Chavin, Early Horizon, 1000 to 100 BC |
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Staff God has long snout, interpreted as |
Black Cayman alligator |
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Period of regional development |
Early intermediate period |
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Hummingbird design |
Nasca, Early Intermediate |
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Animal or human figures |
Biomorphs |
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Geoglyphs |
Geometric lines (trapezoids, zigzags, spirals) |
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Moche excelled with |
Ceramics, since they didn't have stone |
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Portrait vessel |
Moche, Early Intermediate |
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Typical ceramic shape, Moche |
Stirrup-spout vessel |
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Most like represent portraits of the noble class |
Portrait vessels |
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Three burial chambers of high-ranking Moche officials |
Royal Tombs at Sipan |
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Tomb 3 on first level |
Old Lord of Sipan |
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Tomb 2 |
Burial of Bird Priest |
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Tomb 1 |
Sixth level of the huaca, burial of Warrior Priest (AD 300) |
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Also has "retainer burial" = servants of leader |
Tomb 1 |
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Buried beside Warrior Priest |
Three women, a child, a dog, and two llamas |
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Ear Ornament, Sipan |
Moche, Early Intermediate, 300 to 700 AD |
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Central figure holds club which slides free |
Ear Ornament, Sipan |
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Tall headdress with large crescent/axe on top, called |
Tumi knife, art object: Ear Ornament |
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Became an empire that spread over 3000 miles |
Inca, Late Horizon |
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By 1472 dominated Peru, Ecuador, most of Bolivia, and northern half of Chile |
Inca |
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Empire was called Tawantinsuyu |
Inca |
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Tawantinsuyu means |
Land of the Four Quarters of the World |
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Tawantinsuyu capital, in south highlands |
Cuzco |
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Emperor, worshipped as a god |
Inca |
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System to track people and numbers |
Quipu |
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Quipu means |
knot/knotted cords |
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Culture in power when Spaniards arrived |
Incas |
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Known for massive stone architecture |
Inca imperial art |
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Used architecture to display power of the state |
Incas |
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Capital city of the ancient Inca empire, not modern capital |
Cuzco |
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Golden enclosure, or temple of the sun |
Qorikancha, one of the richest temples there was in the world |
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An image of the Inca paradise |
Qorikanch |
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Machu Picchu, Peru |
Inca, Late Horizon, 1500 AD (1430 to 1532 AD) |
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Very well planned city with distinct areas |
Machu Picchu |
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Purpose of city was probably more religious and ceremonial |
Machu Picchu |
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Acropolis area beyond temple, stone called |
Intihuatana |
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Contained central plaza, terraces of settlements for population, water management |
Machu Picchu |
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Main Andean crops |
Corn (maize), and potato. |
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The Early Horizon is preceded by two distinct periods of development: |
Pre-Ceramic and Initial Period |
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Pre-Ceramic |
3000 to 1800 BC; this period is known primarily for textile fragments, stone and shell debris. |
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Initial Period |
1800 to 1000 BC; the pottery of this era speaks of well established technological cultures, but no evidence of dominance by any one culture. |
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Tiahuanaco |
(Tiwanaku) |
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Begins in the Early Intermediate Period and extends through the Middle Horizon along with the Huari (Wari), an associated and overlapping culture |
Tiahuanaco (Tiwanaku) |
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Chimu |
Also called the Kingdom of Chimor |
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The northcoast successor to the Moche civilization |
Chimu |
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The Chimu capital |
Chan Chan |
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An adobe city that covered over ten square miles, making it the largest archaeological site in South America. |
Chan Chan in the Moche Valley |
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A raised section for the burial for the ruler |
Burial Platform |
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Flared-lip beakers |
Keros |
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Tumi |
Tumi knives |
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Started as a small, southern highlands tribe |
The Inca |
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By 1472, dominated Peru, Ecuador, most of Bolivia, and the northern half of Chile, making them the most widespread cultural influence in the Andean area. |
Inca |
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Called their empire Tawantinsuyu |
The “Land of the Four Quarters of the World”). |
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Capital Cuzco in the south highlands |
Inca |
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From capital Cuzco in the south highlands, here the emperor established administrative control over the people. |
Emperor called the Sapa Inca |
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Cuzco means the |
The navel or center (of the world) |
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Functioned as a public ceremonial square |
Plaza |
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The most magnificent building complex in Cuzco, means the ”golden enclosure” or “temple of the sun”. |
Qorikancha |
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Located on or near the plaza were the palaces of the past |
Sapa Incas and the current one |
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City became known to the outside world when the American Hiram Bingham “discovered” it on July 24, 1911. |
Machu Picchu |
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In Machu Picchu, a stone that marked cyclical events of the sun. |
Intihuatana |
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The Incas were the culture in power when Spaniards arrived in 1532, led by
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Francisco Pizarro, who had been in Mexico with Cortés |
