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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is sovereignty in relation to aviation?
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Countries have complete and exclusive sovereignty over air space above territory
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Paris convention was about?
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sovereignty
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Havana Convention ________ aviation
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organized
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Warsaw was about?
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liability
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Chicago Convention superseded __ and __. Created..? and the __ freedoms
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Paris and Havana
ICAO 5 freedoms |
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The 5 freedoms are:
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1 Peaceful transit
2 Non-traffic stops (refuel, repair, etc) 3 Take traffic from homeland to any country 4 Bring traffic any country to homeland 5 Pick up and discharge at intermediate points |
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How many degrees wide is each time zone?
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15
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How can you calculate a time zone with a longitude?
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Divide by 15
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Convert to UTC from West, East? Remember TZ Wheel?
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West - Add TZ #
East - Subtract TZ # |
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What is a great circle route?
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a circle on a spheres surface whose plane passes exactly through center of sphere
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What is a small circle?
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Circle on sphere doesnt pass through center
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What are meridians and parallels?
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Meridians - lines of longitude
Parallels - lines of lat |
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One degree arc ON THE EQUATOR equals what?
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60 NM
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What is a line on which your position is located?
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LOP - Line of Position
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Define FRD
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Fix/Radial/Distance - Adds distance to LOP defining where exactly you are on a line
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What is a rhumb line?
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A route having a SINGLE TC, normally not shortest route
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Difference between charts and maps?
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Charts reference lat/long
Maps simply represent small portions of earth surface |
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georef based on
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lat Long
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First level of Georef is __ degree quadrangle
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15
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break down and explain:
GJPJ3716 |
GJ - 15 degree quadrangle identifier
PJ - 1 degree quadrange ID 37 - Easting 37 minutes 16 - Northing 16 minutes |
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What is a gnomonic projection?
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Only one point of accuracy,
straight line = great circle |
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Mercator Projection?
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Cylinder dropped around
Straight line is rhumb line Distorts size/shape near poles |
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Conic Projection?
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Drops cone over, so accurate at reference parallel
SECANT conic has two reference parallels, so more accurate Straight line approximates great circle |
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What is the Convergence angle/factor equation?
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CF X Longitude = Convergence Factor
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If you know the CF, what do you do to figure overal TC change?
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CF X long lines crossed
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A rhumb line crosses every _______ at the same angle
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meridian
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Spiral created by a rhumb line is called?
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Loxodromic Curve
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Any straight line on a ? is an arc of a great circle
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lambert conformal
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Different name for WAAS and LAAS?
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WAAS - SBAS (System based..)
LAAS - GBAS (Ground based...) |
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Generic VOR service volumes?
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Terminal - 25 NM
Low - 40 High - 100 or 130 LOS (depending ie mountains) |
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LORAN is based on the measurement of?
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time difference in arrival of signal pulses from group of chain or chains
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Greatest form of INS error?
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Human error by far
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IRS came about from two developments?
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laser based attitude reference
expansion of computer processing capability |
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3 segments of GPS?
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Space, Control (ground based), and User Segments
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Space segment has __ satellites
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34
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A basic user GPS system requires only ?
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Antenna
Amplifier (increase signal) Processor (interpret( |
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to get RAIM, # of satellites?
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5 or more
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Format for RNAV Waypoint?
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VOR-Radial-DME
i.e. ORL-090-100 Orlando VOR 090 radial on 100NM |
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Three required reports? 91.183
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- time and alt passing designated reporting points
- any unforecast wx encountered - any other safety related info |
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Part 91 speed restrictions
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below 10 = <250
Class C and D <200 Class B <200 |
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What is supplemental, in Part 121
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unscheduled airline ops essentially
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What does Acc-stop include?
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stopway
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takeoff dist is roll, rotation and?
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up to 35'
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Takeoff run is rotation, lose engine, and ?
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up to less than 35'
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Methods I and II refer to single engine in mountainous terrain. Describe each method
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I - positive slope 1000 ft above, direct destination
II - 2000 above, positive slope, direct alternate |
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What is 60% rule? Wet/slippery?
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Destination limitation: must land within 60% EFFECTIVE length
Wet/slip : 115% |
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60% rule applies to destination and alts. T/F?
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True
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What aircraft are Groups I and II?
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I - Prop
II - Jet |
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Name the terms about airline training in Part 121.400
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Initial
Transition Upgrade Difference Requal |
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Who has responsibility for airline flight?
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PIC AND dispatcher
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To be ABLE to dispatch, WX at destination must??
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Be at OR Above minimums
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If WX below mins at departure, dispatch requirements?
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Two engines - alternate within one hour with engine failure
Three or more - alt within two hours engine failed |
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Domestically, rule for alternates?
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1-2-3 rule
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Internationally, rule for alternates?
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123 on roids
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Alternate airport WX minimums?
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See Op Specs
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121 Domestic Fuel requirements ?
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Destination, most distant alternate, then 45 at cruise
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121 Flag/Supp Fuel Requirements?
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Destination, then 10% total, then most distant alt, then 30 minutes holding at 1500 above alternate
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Warsaw?
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Liability
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Customs?
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Chicago
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Paris/Havana?
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Soveirgnity
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5 Names for longitude lines?
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long lines, meridians, great circle, Prime Meridian, Int'l Date Line
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5 names for lat line
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latitude, small circle, parallel, rhumb line, standard parallel
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On a mercator chart, any straight line is? On a conic?
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a rhumb line
Great circle |
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A gnomonic chart has what huge drawback?
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Only one point of accuracy
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When estimating distances with lat/long, what are the two rules to remember: NS/EW?
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NS: 60 nm per degree everywhere
EW: 60 nm per degree on equator only |
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What is the great thing about VOR DME RNAV?
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Phantom VOR's
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Situation: Departing 1800 Local from 30E. ETE: 4 hours going to 80W. Arrival time local?
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1500 local
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Explain the Part 121 rule on Alternates during Flag ops
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Flight less than 6 hours, 1 hour before after arrival: ceiling 1500 above lowest circling MDA if required, 1500 above lowest approach min OR 2000 above elevation, whichever greater
Viz at least 3, or 2 more than lowest viz mins published, greater |
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Part 121 Flag and Supplemental fuel requirements?
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Enough fuel to destination, then 10% enroute time, then most distant ALT, then 30 minutes holding
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