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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What does confrontation assess?
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peripheral vision
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What is extraocular muscular function?
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6 muscles that attach to eyeball that give straight and rotary movement
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Each muscle is yoked. What does that mean?
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The muscle corresponds to the muscle in the other eye to help remain parallel
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Define: Lazy eye
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one eye drifts into another resting position
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Define: nystagmus
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congenital or acquired persistent, rapid, involuntary and oscillatory movement of the eyeball, usually from side to side, seen in 6 cardinal gazes
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Define: ptosis
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drooping of eyelid
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PERRLA
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pupils equal round react to light and accommodation
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normal pupil size
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3-5 mm
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Define: anisocoria
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unequal pupil size
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How long should it take for pupils to constrict in reaction to penlight
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1 second
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Define: xanthelasma
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raised yellow plaque on or about eyelid
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Define: myopia
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nearsighted, faulty distance vision
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Define: hyperopia
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farsighted, faulty near vision
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Define: presbyopia
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loss of elasticity in lens, decreasing ability to change shape to accommodate for near vision; "short arm syndrome"
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Define: diloplia
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double vision; sign of EOM weakness
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Define: glaucoma
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increased intraocular pressure, often asymptomatic, reported often as decreased peripheral vision
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What medications cause side effects affecting vision?
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NSAID's cause blurred vision and decreased visual acuity
BCP cause worsening, myopia and astigmatism |
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What are the 3 assessment techniques used for EMO's?
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Corneal light reflex
Cover-uncover test Six cardinal gazes |
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How would describe 20/40 vision?
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The patient can read at 20 ft what the person with normal acuity could read at 40 ft from the chart.
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Normal vision for newborn?
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20/200
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Name the 6 ocular muscles.
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Superior rectus
Lateral rectus Inferior rectus Superior oblique Medial rectus Inferior oblique |
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What are the 3 cranial nerves associated with eye movement?
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Cranial nerves III, IV, VI
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Define: external auditory canal
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opening of ear serving to funnel sound waves
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What is the length of the external auditory canal?
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2.3-3 cm
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Where does the external auditory canal end?
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At the tympanic membrane
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Define: cerumen
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ear wax
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Define: tragus
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fleshy prominence at the front of the external opening of the ear
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Define: pinna
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aurical or external ear
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Define: helix
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the folded rim of skin and cartilage around most of the external ear
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Define: tympanic membrane
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Separates external and middle ear; faces downward and somewhat forward.
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What is the normal color of the tympanic membrane?
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pearly gray
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Describe the cone of light.
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reflection of penlight on TM
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Define: ototoxic
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having a harmful effect on the organs or nerves dealing with hearing and balance
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Define: tinnitus
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a sound in one or both ears that is buzzing, ringing or whistling, occurring without external stimulus
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What are the usual causes of tinnitus?
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ear infection
use of certain drugs blocked auditory tube/canal head injury |
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Define: presbycusis
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hearing loss occurring with aging caused by nerve degeneration. High freq tone loss and impaired ability to localize sound
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Define: tophi
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small, whitish-yellow hard nontender nodules in or near the helix or antihelix containing greasy, chalky material of uric acid crystals; sign of gout
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Define: chondrodermatitis
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painful nodules developing on the rim of the helix as a result of repetitive mechanical pressure or sunlight. Small indulated dull red poorly defined and very painful
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Define: tubes in the ears
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surgically place tubes in TM to relieve middle ear pressure and promote drainage. tubes come out on their own
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Define: Scarred TM
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dense white patch on TM. From repeated infections, does not necessarily affect hearing
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At what age should an infant be tested for hearing?
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>6 months and babbling
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What are indicators of ear pain in a child unable to talk?
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tugging at ears
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What 2 factors increase incidence of ear infections?
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bottle fed babies
exposure to second hand smoke |
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What direction do you pull the pinna when examining an adult's ear?
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Up and back
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What direction do you pull the pinna when examining a child under 3 years old ear?
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downward
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What do you use to remove earwax safely?
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warmed solution of mineral oil and water
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What is one consideration regarding the TM of geriatric patients?
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TM may lose luster and look cloudy
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What may watery drainage mean in the ear of a head trauma patient?
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CSF can leak--look for oily solution. Use glucose tape to look for glucose
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What cranial nerve conducts impulses to the auditory area of the brain?
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VII
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Which tests use the tuning fork?
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Weber test
Rinne test |
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What does the Weber test assess?
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bone conduction
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What does the Rinne test assess?
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Comparison of air conduction to bone conduction
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What are some meds that can cause tinnitus and hearing loss?
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NSAIDS
aminoglycosides salicylates |
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What can Lasix potentially cause?
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temporary hearing if IV admin is too rapid
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What rate should Lasix be injected at to prevent hearing loss?
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10 mg/min
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Define: turbinates
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three bony parallel projections on lateral walls of each nasal cavity
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What are the 3 turbinates called?
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Superior
Middle Inferior |
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Define: Kiesselsbach's plexus
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Rich vascular network in the anterior septum
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Where are the frontal sinuses?
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Frontal bone above and medial to orbits
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Where is Stensen's duct?
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opening of parotid gland located opposite of upper second molar
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Where are Wharton's ducts located?
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Floor of mouth under tongue on either side of frenulum
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Define: epistaxis
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nosebleeds
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Define: rhinnorrhea
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excessive discharge of mucous from nose
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Define: xerostomia
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dry mouth
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Define: cheilitis
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cracking at corners of lips
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Define: leukoplakia
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chalky white raised patch on tongue
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Define: halitosis
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bad breath
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Define: apthous ulcers
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canker sore-vesicle at first then small round ulcer with white base surrounded by red halo
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How long does a apthous ulcer last?
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1-2 weeks
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Define: black hairy tongue
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elongation of filiform papillae and painless overgrowth of mycelial threads of fungus infection on the tongue
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What can cause a black hairy tongue?
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use of antibiotics that inhibits normal bacteria growth allowing growth of fungus
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Define: gingival hyperplasia
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painless enlargement of gums, sometimes overreaching teeth. Occurs with puberty, pregnancy, leukemia and long term use of Dilantin
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What can OTC nasal sprays cause?
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rebound swelling
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Which 2 turbinates should you be able to visualize?
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Inferior and medial
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How do you palpate the frontal sinus?
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Press lightly just below eyebrows
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What does the uvula do when you say "ahhhh"?
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raises symmetrically
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What do tonsils do as a child becomes an adult?
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shrink
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What does the uvula do when you say "ahhhh"?
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raises symmetrically
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What do tonsils do as a child becomes an adult?
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shrink
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