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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Fuselage
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cockpit and cargo area/passenger cavity
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empennage
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tail of plane; includes vertical stabilizer, horizontal stabilizer, rudder, trim tabs, elevator
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vertical stabilizer
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fin*, includes rudder and trim tab
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horizontal stabilizer
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tail ''wing'', includes elevator and trim tab
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wing
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includes wing, flap, aileron
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airfoil
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aircraft part or surface (wing, propeller blade, or rudder) that controls lift, direction, stability, thrust, or propulsion
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cantilever and semi-cantilever
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type of wing that requires no external bracing; or that requires both internal bracing and external support from struts attatched to fusilage
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ailerons
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extend from middle of wing out toward the wingtip; move in opposite directions to create aerodynamic forces that cause airplane to roll
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flaps
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extend outward from near where wing joins fuselage (wing root) to about the middle of wings trailing edge, when extended, they move downward together to increase the lift of the wing for takeoffs and landings
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leading edge
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the thicker, rounded front of the wing
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camber
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the curvature of a surface; the maximum distance between the chord line and the mean camber line
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chord
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the distance from the leading edge of the wing to the trailing edge.
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mean camber line
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the curve that lies halfway between the upper and lower surfaces
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chord line
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the line from the middle of the leading edge to the middle of the trailing edge
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thickness
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the maximum distance b/w upper and lower surfaces
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planform
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the shape of the wing viewed from above
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dihedral angle
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the angle at which the wings meet at the fuselage; the dihedral angle causes teh wing tips to point upwards. designed for roll stability
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anhedral
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when the angle at which the wings meet the fuselage causes the wings to dip downward
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three basic wing types
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straight; sweep; delta
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straight wing
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straight rectangular wing; straight elliptical or rounded wing; straight tapered wing
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sweep
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slightly swept wing; moderately swept wing; sharply swept wing
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delta
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simple delta wing; complex delta wing
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Landing gear
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Provides the main support for the airplane when it is on the ground (usually consists of three wheels, BUT NOT ALWAYS!!)
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powerplant
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propulsion system for an aircraft; either propeller driven or jet propelled
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thrust
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a linear reactive force exerted by a propeller, propulsive gases, etc., to propel a ship, aircraft, etc
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pusher prop
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propeller design that puts the propeler at the back of the plane
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pitch
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the amount of slant on a propeller; there are fixed pitch or variable pitch- a constant speed propeller
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Jet engines
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work by forcing incoming air into a tube or cylinder where the air is compressed, mixed with fuel,burned and pushed exhausted at high speed to generate thrust
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parts of a turbojet engine
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air intake; low-pressure compressor; high-pressure compressor; burner; high-pressure turbine; low pressure turbine; exhaust nozzle.
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compressor
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consists of rotating blades that slow the incoming air to create high pressure; compressed air is forced into a combustion section where it is mixed with fuel and burned
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turbine
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contain rotating blades; the exhaust gases turn these blades, which are connected by a shaft to the compressor blades at the front of the engine - the exhaust turns the turbines that turn the compressors to bring in more air and keep the engine going.
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afterburner
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a tube placed between the turbine and the rear exhaust nozzle where additional fuel is added to the flow and ignited to provide increased thrust
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elevators
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movable control surfaces attached to the back or trailing edge of the horizontal stabilizers; used to move the nose of the airplane up or down during flight
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rudder
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a movable control surface attatched to the back of the vertical stabilizer that is used to move the airplane's nose left and right during flight; used in combination with the ailerons for turns
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trim tabs
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small movable segments opf the trailing edge of the rudder, elevators, and ailerons; they reduce control pressures and decrease a pilot's workload
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Newton's first law
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a body at rest tends to remain at rest , and a body in motion tends to remain in motion, unless acted upon by an outside force
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Newton's second law
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F=ma; whenb an object is acted upon by a force, its resulting acceleration is directly proportional to the applied force and inversely proportional to the mass of the object.
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Newton's third law
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for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
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universal gravitation
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two objects attract each other with a force that is proportioinal to the product of their masses, and inversely proportional to the suqare of the distance between them
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four forces acting ipon an aircraft in flight
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lift, weight, thrust, drag
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lift
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pushes the aircraft up
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weight
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pulls the aircraft down toward the earth's center
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thrust
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pushes the aircraft forward
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drag
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tends to slow the aircraft , pushing back on it as it moves forward
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flight envelope
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consists of the different combinations of the four forces taht allow the aircraif to be flown safely
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Bernoulli's Principle
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as the velocity of a fluid increases, the pressure exerted by that fluid decreases (the fastaer a fluid (air) passes over a surface, the less time it has to exert pressure on any given part of that surface.
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upwash
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oncoming airstream that is deflected upward and over the wing
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downwash
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downward airstream deflection as it passes over the wing and past the trailing edge
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stall
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caused by separation of airflow from the wings upper surface, resulting in a rapid decrease in lift
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weight
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basic weight, operating weight, gross weight, zero fuel weight
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basic weight
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weight of the basic aircraft plus weapons, unusable fuel, oil, ballast, survival kits, oxigen, and any other internal or external equipment on board the aircraft that will not be disposed of during flight
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operating weight
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the sum of basic weight plus items such as crew, crew baggage, steward equipment, pylons and racks, emergency equipment, special mission fixed equipment, and all other nonexpendable items not included in basic weght
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gross weight
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the total weight of an aircraft, including its contents and externally mounted items at any time
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landing gross weight
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weight of aircraft, its contents and external items when the aircraft lands
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zero fuel weight
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teh weight of the aircraft without any usable fuel
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profile drag or parasitic drag
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caused by the airplane pushing the air out of the way as it moves forward
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induced drag
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result of the production of lift. it is the part of the force produced by the wing that is parallel to the relative wind
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axes of flight
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lateral (along the wings); longitudinal (along the lenght of plane; vertical axis (yawing. like a pole through cockpit . right-left)
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