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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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sulfanomides and trimethoprim
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proto: sulfmethoxazole-trimethoprim (SMZ-TMP, Bactrim, Septra, Co-Trim)
sulfadiazine trimethoprim |
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sulfanomides MOA
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inhibit bacterial cell growth by preventing synthesis of folic acid
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sulfanomides uses
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SMZ-TMP is used to treat urinary tract infections
causative agents include E. Coli, kelbsiella, proteus, enterobacter, and Neisseria gonorrhae other infections include otitis media, bronchitis, shigellosis, and pneumocystitis jiroveci |
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sulfanomides adverse
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hypersensitivity- Steven Johnson syndrome
blood dyscrasias crystaluria kericterus (jaundice, increased bilirubin) photosensitivity sulfanomides can increase effects of warfarin, phenytoin, sulfonylurea oral hypoglycemics, and tolbutamide |
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sulfanomides contraindications
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folate deficiency
renal dysfunction older than 65 years and taking angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blockers because of risk of hyperkalemia |
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sulfanomides considerations
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SMZ-TMP on an empty stomach taking a full glass of water
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sulfanomides effectiveness
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improvement of infection symptoms, improvement of urinary tract symptoms
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Urinary tract antiseptics
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proto: nitrofurantoin (Furadantin) and nitrofurantoin macrocrystals (Macrodantin, Macrobid)
other: methanamine (Hiprex, Urex) |
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urinary tract antiseptics MOA
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broad-spectrum urinary antiseptic with bacteriostatic and bactericidal action
bacterial injury occurs by damaging DNA |
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urinary tract antiseptics use
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acute urinary tract infection
prophylaxis for recurrent lower urinary tract infections |
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urinary tract antiseptics adverse
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GI discomfort
hypersensitivity reactions with severe pulmonary manifestations blood dyscrasias periphral neuropathy headache, drowsiness, dizziness |
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urinary tract antiseptics contraindications
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nitrofurantoin- renal dysfunction, and creatinine clearance less than 40 mL/min- impaired renal function will increase risk of med toxicity because of inability to excrete nitrofurantoin
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urinary tract antiseptics admin
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brownish discoloration of urine
avoid during pregnancy |
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urinary tract antiseptics effectiveness
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improvement of UTI symptoms and negative urine cultures
resolution of GI disturbances |
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fluroquinolones
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proto: ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
other: olfofloxacin (Floxacin), moxifloxacin (Avelox), levofloxacin (Levaquin), norfloxacin (Noroxin) |
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fluroquinolones MOA
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bactericidal as a result of inhibition of the enzyme necessary for DNA replication
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fluroquinolones USE
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used for wide variety of microorganisms
alternative to parenteral antibiotics for clients with severe infections Urinary, respiratory, and GI, bone, joints, skin, and soft tissues infections prevention of anthrax in clients who have inhaled anthrax spores |
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fluroquinolones adverse
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GI discomfort
achilles tendon rupture suprainfection phototoxicity |
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fluroquinolones contraindications
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ciprofloxacin should not be administered to children under 18 years of age due to achilles tendon rupture
ciprofloxacin increases risk of developing C. Diff caution with older adults and those who have cardiovascular disease |
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fluroquinolones considerations
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IV ciprofloxacin should be administered in a dilute solution slowly over 60 min in a large vein
for inhalation anthrax infection- ciprofloxacin is administered every 12 hrs for 60 days |
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fluroquinolones effectiveness
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improvement of UTI symptoms
no evidence of suprainfection |
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urinary tract analgesic
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proto: phenazopyridine (pyridiate, pyridium, urogesic
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urinary tract analgesic MOA
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this med is an azo dye that functions as a local anesthetic on the mucosa of the urinary tract
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urinary tract analgesic use
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relieve manifestations of burning on urination, pain, frequency, and urgency
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urinary tract analgesic considerations
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contraindicated for client with acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease
med changes urine to an orange/yellow color urine may stain clothes administer with or after meals to prevent GI discomfort |
