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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What two things are needed to calculate the average atomic mass of an element? |
Percent Abundance and Mass of Each Isotope |
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Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. |
Atomic Number |
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Total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. |
Mass Number |
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Atoms of the same element that have different atomic masses due to a different number of neutrons. |
Isotopes |
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A unit of mass equal to one-twelfth the mass of a Carbon-12 atom. |
Atomic Mass Unit |
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Weighted average mass of the atoms in a naturally occurring sample of an element. |
Average Atomic Mass |
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Electrons enter orbitals of lowest energy first; Chart of Electron Filling |
Aufbau Principle |
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An atomic orbital may describe at most two electrons, each with opposite spins. |
Pauli Exclusion Principle |
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When electrons occupy orbitals of equal energy, one electron enters each orbital until all the orbitals contain one electron with parallel spins. |
Hund's Rule |
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The percent that a measured value differs from the accepted value. |
Percent Error |
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Smallest part of an element that still retains all the properties of an element. |
Atom |
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The study of the composition of matter and the changes that matter undergoes. |
Chemistry |
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Correct value based on reliable references. |
Accepted Value |
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Value measured in a laboratory setting. |
Experimental Value |
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Regions within the electron cloud where electrons with similar energies are found. |
Energy Level |
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Energy level that contains electrons that have the same energy. |
Subshell |
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A mathematical expression describing the probability of finding an electron at various locations; Usually represented by the region of space around the nucleus where there is a high probability of finding an electron. |
Atomic Orbital |
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When an electron is in its lowest possible energy level. |
Ground State |
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Atom that has received energy, causing the electrons to move from their ground state to a higher energy level. |
Excited Atom |
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Also known as the Atomic Emission Spectrum; Pattern formed when light passes through a prism or diffraction grating to separate into the different frequencies of light it contains. |
Bright-Line Spectrum |
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Occurs when light is separated into its various wavelengths; One color merges into another color. |
Continuous Spectrum |
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What are the four subshells? |
s, p, d, and f |
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What subshells are in the 1st energy level? |
s |
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What subshells are in the 2nd energy level?
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s and p |
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What subshells are in the 3rd energy level? |
s, p, and d |
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What subshells are in the 4th energy level?
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s, p, d, and f |
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How many orbitals are in the 1st energy level? |
1 |
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How many orbitals are in the 2nd energy level? |
4 |
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How many orbitals are in the 3rd energy level? |
9 |
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How many orbitals are in the 4th energy level? |
16 |
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What is the maximum number of electrons that can be placed in the 1st energy level? |
2 |
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What is the maximum number of electrons that can be placed in the 2nd energy level? |
8 |
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What is the maximum number of electrons that can be placed in the 3rd energy level? |
18 |
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What is the maximum number of electrons that can be placed in the 4th energy level? |
32 |
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What does the number 13 in Carbon-13 represent? |
Mass Number
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What unit is used to measure weighted average atomic mass? |
amu |
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What is the mass and change of a proton?
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1 amu and positive |
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What is the mass and charge of an electron?
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0 amu and negative |
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What is the mass and charge of a neutron?
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1 amu and neutral
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What is the basis for the exceptions to electron configurations?
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Half-filled and completely filled orbitals are more stable than partially filled orbitals. |
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What happens when an electron drops from a higher energy level to a lower energy level?
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Light is emitted. |
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What two things vary for isotopes of an element? |
Mass Number and Number of Neutrons |
