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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is autonomic function? |
Refers to systems that regulate and maintain the homeostasis or constant environment of the body in an unconscious fashion |
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What controls autonomic regulation of body homeostasis? |
Humoral and Neural mechanisms - both are under CNS control |
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What is Humoral Control? |
Endocrine responses develop slowly and have prolonged effects |
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What are Neural effects |
Rapid reaction force- teends to act rapidly and have short term effects on viscera. |
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What is the Autonomic Nervous system? |
PN and CN components Responsible for rapid regulation of CV, Resp, Dogestive, Urinary, and reproductive organs |
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What are the subdivisions of the Visceral motor pathways? |
Sympatetic, parasympathetic, and enteric |
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Describe the energy use of the ANS |
The effects of sympathetic stim are catabolic - preparing the body to flee or fight The effects of parasympathetic stim are anabolic - promoting normal function and conserving energy |
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Describe the distribution of the ANS |
P: restricted to the head, neck, and body cavities S: Distributed to all vascularized portions of the body |
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Describe Gladular secretion |
Secretion is stimulated in all glands by parasympathetic axons except for sweat glands |
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How does the ANS effects Blood vessels |
S: Vasocontriction (except for coronary arteries), vasomotor control, Deep muscles - Symp produces vasodilation |
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What neurons are involved in ANS connections? |
1st is in the CNS (preganglionic autonomic neurons. Has a thin myelinated axon and contacts neurons located in an autonomic ganglion in the body.
Autonomic Ganglion sends unmyelinated axon to visceral effector vell. |
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Sympathetic vs Parasympathetic Axon |
S: shortpreganglionicaxon, long postgangionic Near CNS P: longpreganglionicaxon, short postganglionic axon Near Effector Organ |
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What is included in the sympathetic ganglia? |
Prevertebral and para vertebral. |
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What controls the Sympathetic ganglia? |
Neurons located in the spinal cord which in turn are under the influence of neurons in the brain stem and hypothalamas |
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Describe Paravertebral Ganglia |
Sympathetic chain Theseganglia contain postganglionic neurons for innervation ofthe body wall and thoracic viscera |
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Describe the Prevertebral Ganglia |
Associatedwith the abdominal aorta and its largerbranches). These ganglia contain postganlionicneurons that innervate abdominal viscera and partly pelvic viscera |
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How do the preganglionic axons travel |
Neuronsin the spinal cord exit via ventralroots at spinal segments T1 through L2 andenter the sympathetic trunk via the whitecommunicating ramus |
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What are Splanchnic nerves |
Where axons that supply the viscera pass through to connect to other prevertebral ganglia |
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Describe the symp innervation of the adrenal gland |
Pre-gang axons from the SC innervate adrenal Medullary cells. |
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What are the two mechanisms that post ganglionic neurons use |
Join spinal nerves via gray rami to visceral structures located in the body wall and extremities. May form Symp Nerves to reach their targets. -Cervical and thoracic cardiac nerves and pulmonary nerves |
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How do Postganglionic prevertebral symp axons travel ? |
Axonsfollow the course of arteries to supply innervation to the abdominal visceraand also have control over their bloodflow |
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Slide 27 |
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Describe the Parasympathetic distribution? |
Preganglionicneurons are located in the brainstem nuclei of Cranial Nerves III, VII, IX andX and in sacral spinal segments S2 to S4 |
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What innervates the viscera in the body? |
Pregnaglionic parasympathetic via the vagus nerve (CNX) and neurons located in the SC from S2-S4 |
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Slide 33 |
n |
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How is Autonomic sensory information divided? |
Nociceptive (symp) and physiological (para) |
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Describe Nociceptors |
Typicall unmyelinated small diameter axons from Dorsal root ganglia. Responds to tissue or stimuli that results from damaged tissue Ex - overstretch, release of endogenous componds in reponse to tissue breakdown |
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Describe Visceral pain |
Diffuse and poorly localized. May be referred |
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How do non-pain visceral sensation travel? |
Goes to CNS through the sacral spinal cord and to the brainstem in CN 7,9,10 Used to monitor visceral functions and homeostais |
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What are Chemoreceptors |
areresponsive to changes in arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide, blood pH, and tosome drugs. |
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What are baroreceptors |
areresponsive to changes in arterial blood pressure.ature |
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What are Osmoreceptors |
areresponsive to changes in blood osmolarity |
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What are thermal receptors |
responseto changes in blood temperature. |
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What is a baroreceptor reflex |
basic physiological effect to control blood pressure and HR. Glosso and Vagal afferents reportblood pressure and oxygenation to brain stem. |
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What are the plexuses of the gut wall? |
Mynteric and submucosal
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Describe the enteric plexus |
Contains both motor and sensaory neurons and interneurons that are organized to produce contraction and relaxation involved in perstalsis. |
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Slide 44 |
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What chemicals are used in the Symp Pre and postganglionic neuronss? |
Pre - acetylcholine
Post - Norepinepherine |
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What chemicals are used in the Parasymp Pre and postganglionic neuronss? |
Both use acetylcholine. Indicates that drugs or other agents that affect or mimic acetylcholine may have broad autonomic effects |
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Describe Acetylcholine receptors |
Broadly classified as nicotinic and muscarinic. |
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Describe Nicotinic receptors |
Fast and Ionotropic Located in skeletal muscle on most Postganglionic autonomic neurons and in the CNS. Activation of CNS receptors contribute to nicotine addiction |
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Describe Muscarinic receptors |
Slow and Gprotein mediated Control cholinergic responses predominantly of parasympatehetic target organs - smooth muscle, cardiac. |
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What is the importance of location of NT receptor on target organ
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Determines the response to noreepinephrine |
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What are the primary classes of adrenergic receptors |
Alpha and beta receptors. Different class of these wil ldetermine target organ response to both adrenergic NT and pharmacological agents. |