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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe; Why do we have classification systems? Natural classification system? Artificial classification systems? |
Classification systems are important because it helps us understand how organisms are related
Natural classification systems are based on genetics Artificial classification systems are based on appearance |
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What is the order of the classification system e.g. Kingdom phylum etc
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Kingdom
Phylum Class Order Family Genius Species |
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Why is it difficult to classifying newly discovered species?
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Because they may not fit into existing categories such as asexual organisms and organisms that have traits from two types of organisms (mammals and reptiles)
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What is a species?
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A species is a group of organisms which can interbreed to produce fertile offspring. Some organisms cannot be called a species as they reproduce asexually, they are hybrids and revolution continuously changes organisms.
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What is that the binomial system?
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It gives everything a two-part name, which are geniuses and species.
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What are the pyramids of biomass?
What are pyramids of numbers? |
Pyramids of biomass are made using dry animals.
Pyramids of numbers are made by counting organisms |
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How can you calculate energy efficiency in transferring of energy through the food chain?
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Energy maybe lost because of respiration and excretion.
Efficiency= Energy available to the next level Energy that was availabe to the previous level x100 |
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What do organisms compete for and define;
Interspecific? Intraspecific? |
Interspecific is competing against another species
Intraspecific is competing between the same species |
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What is parasitic parasitic relationship and a mutualistic relationship?
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Parasitic relationships are when an organism lives of another organism where it gets the benefit. E.g. Fleas and tapeworms
Mutualistic relationships are went both organisms benefit from each other's actions. E.g. Bees and cleaner species |
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What are specialists and what are generalists?
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Specialists are organisms that are highly adapted to survive in specific habitat
Generalists are organisms that are able to survive a range of different environments. |
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What are extremophiles?
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extremophiles can tolerate extreme conditions like heat, cold or extreme pressure.
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Anatomical adaptations cold environments?
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A thick coat or layer of blubber
Small surface area to volume ratio Having the counter current heat exchange system in feet and flippers |
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Behavioural adaptations to the cold?
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migration toward places during the winter
Hibernation Going into huddles |
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Anatomical adaptation to reduce heat gain an increased heat loss?
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Large surface area to volume ratio
Large is increased surface area Fat stored in just one part of the body to reduce insulation |
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Behavioural adaptations to reduce heat gain an increased heat loss?
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Stay in the shade
Be active only a night Bathing in water |
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Some Desert plant adaptations?
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A rounded shape, giving them a small surface area to volume ratio
A thick waxy layer (cuticle) and spines Store water in the stems Shallow but far stretching roots |
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Desert animal adaptations?
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Specialised kidneys to concentrate urine
No sweat glands Living underground |
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How is a reproductive isolation caused?
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A physical barrier divides population of a species
Different locations create different features in the two groups Natural selection spread the characteristics to each of the populations Eventually the two groups will be so different that they won't be able to breed together to produce fertile offspring |
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Why can't the nitrogen gas in the atmosphere not being used in plants and animals?
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Because it is very unreactive
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Define;
Decomposers? nitrifying bacteria? denitrifying bacteria? |
Decomposers- decompose urea and proteins to turn them into ammonia
nitrifying bacteria- turns ammonia in decaying matter into nitrates denitrifying bacteria- turns nitrates back into nitrogen gas |
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What does increasing the amount of pollution cause?
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Global warning, acid rain and ozone depletion
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of;
Living indicators of pollution? Nonliving indicators of pollution? |
Using the living methods is Quick cheap and easy but temperature and pH can affect it. It is also not numerical.
Nonliving indicators are reliable, numerical and identify the exact pollutants but they are more expensive and require trained workers. |
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What factors contributes to the risk of extinction in an organism?
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The numbers of habitats
The number of individuals Genetic variation |
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What factors can you evaluate a conservation programme on?
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Genetic variation
Viability of the population (Male and female) Available habitats Interaction between species |
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What is sustainable development?
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Sustainable development means providing needs of today's increasing population without harming environment. E.g. Fishing quotas and sustainable laws
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What our whales used for and why is it controversial to keep them in captivity?
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Whales can be used for tourist attractions, meat and whale oil. This can make them endangered.
It is controversial because they don't have much space or freedom, they are used for research and there are captive breeding programs where they are not prepared for the world outside. |
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What is speciation?
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Speciation is the formation of a new species because they have changed so much
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