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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Dates of Baroque Period |
1600 - 1750 |
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Absolutism |
Rulers excercise absolute power over subjects |
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Characteristics of Baroque Music |
Mood -in instrumental music, movement expresses one basic mood -in vocal music, changes in mood are accompanied by changes in the music Rhythm -rhythm patterns heard at the beginning of a piece are often repeated throughout -Rhythmic pulse is consistent and usually features a constantly moving bass line -The unity of rhythm provides compelling drive and energy Dynamics - Aburt dynamics. Change suddenly rather than gradually Tone Color - The basso continuo is one of the most distinctive instrumental features of B.M. - 10 to 40 players in an orchestra. instruments vary (strings and bass continuo predominate - Often one instrument was treated like another - Instrumental music grew in importance as a genre Melody - Melodies recur as a whole or in part thru a movement or aria Texture - Predominantly polyphonic - Imitation between individual melodic lines is common |
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Basso continuo |
- Accompiament - Two instruments; A keyboard instrument & a low melodic instrument Ex. Harpsichord + cello, double bass, or bassoon |
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Baroque Forms |
Baroque compositions include a set of movements that contrast each other |
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Music in Baroque Society |
-Music was composed to order for specific events -Musicians primarily worked in aristocratic courts, church, and the opera house -Composers who worked in aristocratic courts were considered servants -Some aristocrats became accomplished musicians -Large towns hired musicians for many functions |
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Concerto Grosso |
-small group of soloist (2-4) are put up against a larger group of players (the tutti ~ 8-20) -Two groups appeal for attention thru fanciful melodic lines -Frequently performed by private orchestras in aristocratic places -Consist of several movements |
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Ritornello Form |
- 1st and last movements of concert grossi are in Ritornello Form -Based on alternation between tutti and solo sections -Tutti opens with a theme (Ritornello). this theme is repeated by the tutti in different keys throughout the movement. At the end it returns to the home key
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Tutti |
- 8-20 players - Consist mainly of string instruments with a harpsichord as part of the basso continuo |
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Fugue |
-Polyphonic composition based on one main theme, called a subject -Different melodic lines, called voices, imitate the subject -Top melodic line is a soprano tone (whether sung or played). Bottom is the bass -subject remains fairly constant. Sometimes shifted to different keys or combined with different melodic ideas |
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Opera |
Drama that is sung to orchestral accompaniment Performers who can sing and act simultaneously Comical or serious |
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Voice categories of opera |
Coloratura Soprano - Very high range Lyric Soprano - Rather light voice. Grace and Charm Dramatic Soprano - Full, powerful voice. Passionate intensity Lyric Tenor - Light, Bright voice Dramatic Tenor - Powerful voice. Heroic expression Basso Buffo - Comic roles. sing very rapidly Basso Profondo - low range |
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Aria |
A song for solo voice with orchestral accompaniment during an oprea Expresses an emotional state |
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Cantana |
A piece that was sung Designed for the lutheran service Written for chorus vocal soloist, organ, and a small orchestra |
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Chorale |
hymn tune sung to a german religious text |
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chorale prelude |
short composition for organ, based on a hymn tune and often used to remind the congregation of the melody before the hymn is sung |
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Libretto & librettist |
text of an oprea and dramatist who writes the text |
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movement |
piece that sounds fairly complete and independent but is part of a larger composition |
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Oratorio |
Large scale compositin for chorus, vocal soloist, and an orchestra. usually set to narrative text based on bible stories without acting and costumes |
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overture |
short musical composition, purely orchestra, which opens an opera and sets the overall dramatic mood (preludes are orchestra openings to later acts) |
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solo concerto |
a piece for a single soloist and an orchestra |
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pedal point |
a single tone, usually in bass, which is held while the other voices produce a series of chaning harmonies against it found in fugues |
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Recitative (secco & accompanied) |
Vocal line in an opera, ortatrio, or cantana that imitates the rhythms and pitch fluctuations of speech, often leading into an aria |
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Sonata |
an intrumental compostition in several movements for 1 to 8 players. |
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Stretto |
Compositional procedure used in fugues, in which a subject is imitated before it is completed one voice tries to catch another |
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Suite |
a set dance inspired movements all written in the same key but differing in tempo, meter, and character |
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ground bass |
Variation form in which a musical idea in the bass is repeated over and over ehile the melodies above it continually change |
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Baroque Program Music |
Baroqueprogram music is music played by instruments that is related to a story, poem,scene, or idea. Some examples of this music include the four season concertos. |
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Camarata |
"fellowship or society" a group of nobles, poets and composers who began to meet regularly in florence and whose musical discussions prepared the way for the beginning of opera |
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Trio sonatas |
compostiton that has three melodic lines. two high ones, each played by one instrument, and a basso continuo |
