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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Bradykinesia
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Slowness of movement
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Hyperkinesia
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Increased involuntary movement
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Parkinsonism
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Clinical triad of bradykinesia, resting tremor, and postural instability seen most commonly in Parkinson's disease
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Chorea
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Involuntary irregular, asymmetric movements that are random and continuous - "dance-like" flow from one muscle group to next.
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Athetosis
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Involuntary slow twisting and writhing movments that typically involve more distal musculature - "snake-like"
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Parkinson's Disease
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Movement disorder characterized by resting tremors, cogwheel rigidity, expressionless face, postural instability, soft voice, small handwriting, autonomic dysfunction, depression. Starts unilateral
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Parkinson's epidemiology
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6th/8th decades of life; men > women
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Substantia Nigra
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Part of the midbrain that is involved in movement which appears dark due to neuromelanin in dopaminergic neurons
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what happens w/ Parkinson's
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The indirect pathway inhibits the cortex and the SNc inhibits the indirect pathway. Degeneration of the SNc in PD therefore results in decreased inhibition of an inhibitory pathway to the motor cortex.
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Parkinson's mechanism
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SNC degen >> Less stimulation of striatum >> Less inhibition of the globus pallidus interna/substantia nigra pars reticularis >> more inhibition of the thalamus >> Less stimulation of the motor cortex.
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Huntington's Disease
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AD disorder characterized by involuntary movements, deterioration of cognitive function, and emotional disturbances. Sx usually present by age 40, most common in whites. TNT repeat disorder.
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Huntington's
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atrophy of caudate nucleus, enlarged lateral ventricles
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Spinocerebellar Ataxias
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Group of genetic disorders which lead to dysfunction of the cerebellum and an inability to do motor tasks smoothly
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Friedrich Ataxia
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AR. Most common type of spinocerebellar degeneration, with symptoms beginning before age 25 and including ataxia of limbs, dysarthria, extensor plantar reflexes and other systemic manifestations. Cerebellar inflow disorder, secondary degeneration of DC, LCST, spinocerebellar.
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Dysarthria
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Motor dysfunction of speech due to dysfunction of neurologic input to muscles involved with speaking
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Action tremor
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Any tremor that occurs with voluntary contraction of the muscle and can be further divided into postural and intention tremor
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Intention tremor
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Any tremor that occurs during purposeful movements and disappears during rest
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Postural tremor
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A tremor which occurs when maintaining upright posture and resolves with rest
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Cerebellar tremor
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A coarse tremor that is worse at the end of purposeful movements
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Rest tremor
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A tremor which occurs at rest and is improved with purposeful movement
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Physiologic tremor
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High frequency, low amplitude tremor, which occurs in normal individuals
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Ballismus
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Violent, involuntary flailing of the extremities
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Tic
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Rapid, random, involuntary movements that the patient may be able to temporarily suppress
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Dystonia
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sustained, involuntary muscle contractions that cause twisting or abnormal postures.
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Ataxia
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Lack of voluntary coordination of motor function
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Tardive dyskinesia
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Hyperkinetic movement disorder caused by chronic use of dopamine antgonists that commonly involves the mouth and tongue.
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Tourette's syndrome
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Tic disorder with motor and vocal tics, starts before 18. CBT and meds.
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Wilson's disease
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Hereditary disease of copper metabolism which causes liver disease and movement disorders
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Essential tremor
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Postural/Action tremor that worsens w/ sustained posture (such as holding the arms outstretched) as well as with purposeful movement and abates with rest. Trouble w/ brushing teeth, drinking out of cup. ET is typically symmetrical and more often involves the voice, jaw, and head. **improves w/ alcohol
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treating ET
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Beta blocker like propranolol, anticonvulsant mysoline.
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