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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
nucleus accumbens (NA)
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a small nucleus in the basal ganglia associated with addiction
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mesolimbic dopaminergic tract
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Dopaminergic neurons in the tegmentum of the brain stem that project to the nucleus accumbens and frontal cortex
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substance abuse
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Maladaptive pattern of substance use for 12+ months that leads to impairment of occupational, physical, or social functioning.
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substance dependence
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Substance abuse plus withdrawal symptoms, tolerance, or a pattern of compulsive use
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tolerance
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Need for increased amounts of the substance to achieve the same positive physical and psychological effects
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withdrawal
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Development of physical or psychological symptoms after the reduction or cessation of intake of a substance
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cross-tolerence
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Development of tolerance to one substance because of using another substance
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detoxification
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treatment of withdrawal symptoms of substance abuse
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alcohol
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The most commonly abused sedative psychoactive substance
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benzodiazepines
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Prescription sedatives used as anxiolytics and hypnotics.
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barbituates
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Prescription sedatives with high abuse potential. Used as hypnotics, though rarely any more.
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heroin
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Opioid with no legal therapeutic use, often used IV.
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prescription opioids
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the most commonly abused class of prescription drugs.
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amphetamines
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Prescription stimulants used in ADD and nacolepsy. They stimulate the release of dopamine.
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methamphetamine
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a powerfully addictive amphetamine derivative, referred to as "crystal meth"
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MDMA
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aka ecstasy. A synthetic street drug with amphetamine-like and hallucinogenic properties.
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cocaine
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Stimulant that blocks the reuptake of dopamine and has no legal therapeutic use
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caffeine
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Found in beverages, has mild stimulant effects and significant withdrawal sx
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nicotine
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Found in tobacco products, with mild stimulant effects and significant withdrawal sx
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marijuana/cannabis
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Substance with euphoric and mild hallucinogenic proprerties, which is legal for use as a thepeutic agent in some states
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hashish
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is a cannabis product composed of compressed or purified preparations of stalked resin glands
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THC-Tetrahydrocannabinol
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is the principal psychoactive constituent (or cannabinoid) of the cannabis plant
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amotivational syndrome
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syndrome associated with chronic marajuana use, characterized by decreased desire to work and increased apathy
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LSD-lysergic acid diethylamide
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Hallucinogenic street drug with no therapeutic indications. Serotonergic.
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PCP-phencyclidine
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aka Angel Dust. Hallucinogenic street drug with no therapeutic indications. Glutamineric
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Psilocybin
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aka shrooms. allucinogenic street drug with no therapeutic indications which is derived from mushrooms.
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Mescaline
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an abused hallucinogen derived from cactus, which has some societally condoned use in traditional Native American cultures.
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ketamine
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aka special K. hallucinogenic drug used in anaesthesia which has a glutaminergic effect.
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flumazenil
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benzodiazepine receptor antagonist used in the treatment of benzodiazepine overdose
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disulfram
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Tx to prevent alcohol use that blocks the breakdown of alcohol and results in acetaldehyde accumulation. Concomittent ingestion of alcohol results in intense nausea, headache, and flushing.
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naltrexone
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an opioid receptor antagonist used as a pharmacologic treatment of alcohol abuse that works by blunting the positive effects of alcohol
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naloxone
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opioid antagonist used in the treatment of opioid overdose
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MICA patients
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mentally ill chemically adicted patients
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CAGE questionnaire
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a frequently used screening tool used to identify patinets who may have alcohol abuse; have you tried to cut down on drinking, do you get angry when people ask about your drinking, do you feel guilty, do you ever need an eye-opener
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positive CAGE
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Yes to last question or 2 others
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delirium tremens
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Life-threatening alcohol withdrawal syndrome characterized by altered mental status. May also occur with benzodiazepine withdrawal. Seen on day 3 of withdrawal.
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treating DT
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fluids, thiamine, folate, glucose, benzos **lorazepam for pt w/ liver failure
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opioids OD
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manifests as coma, respiratory depression, miosis
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buprenorphine
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a mixed opioid agonist/antagonist approved for treatment of opioid addiction
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