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131 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the river of significance in Germany?
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Rhine
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Germany ranks ___th in wine-producing countries & ___th in wine-consumption, worldwide.
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Germany ranks 6th in wine-producing countries & 17th in wine-consumption, worldwide.
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_____ is considered to be one of the world’s top producers of elegant white wines.
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Germany
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German wines are known for their _____- the grapes and winemaking are naturally showcased. No commercial yeasts, nothing is done to alter the acidity of the grapes, they do not ferment or age in new oak. Many winemakers do not fine the wines to clarify them.
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transparency
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What is the leading wine in Germany?
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Riesling (white)
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What is the most prestigious German grape, never blended with other grapes, and varied from dry to sweet?
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Riesling
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What is Muller-Thurgau?
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Muller-Thurgau (white)
Predominant production grape. Descent table wines. |
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What is Rieslander?
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cross of riesling & silvaner - white
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What is German sparkling wine called?
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Sekt
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What are some major German wine regions?
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Baden, Franken, Rheinhessen, Pfalz, Nahe, MOSEL-SAAR-RUWER
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What is the most prestigious wine growing region in Germany; majority of grape planted is riesling?
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MOSEL-SAAR-RUWER
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Mosel wines are traditionally packaged in _____ bottles.
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green
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The only German region that has vineyard classifications- Erstes Gewachs (first growths) is the _____.
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The RHEINGAU
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Rhine wines are traditionally packaged in _____ bottles.
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brown
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The most inventive, creative winegrowing region in Germany is the _____.
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The PFALZ
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What is the most planted region of riesling?
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the Mosel
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What is Germany’s largest wine region—flat, fertile farmland?
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The RHEINHESSEN
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hat region has red sandstone & slate mixed soli type, unlike anywhere else in Germany?
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The RHEINHESSEN
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By law, only Franken wines are bottled in a squat, plump
flagon called a _____. |
bocksbeutal
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What does each part of a German wine label mean? (example)
1. Mosel Saar Ruwer 2. Fritz Haag 3. 2003 4. Riesling 5. Kabinett 6. Braunenberger 7. Juffer 8. Qualitatswein mit pradikat |
1. Mosel Saar Ruwer - wine region
2. Fritz Haag - producer 3. 2003 - vintage 4. Riesling - grape varietal 5. Kabinett - ripeness 6. Braunenberger - village 7. Juffer - vineyard 8. Qualitatswein mit pradikat - quality classification |
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What is the highest level of German wines, as described by the German Wine Laws?
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QmP (Qualitatswein mit Pradikat) regulates where grapes are grown, maximum yields, allowance of chaptalization, methods of fermentation & what information must appear on the labels
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What is the second highest level of German wines (behind QmP), as described by the German Wine Laws?
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QbA (Qualitatswein bestimmter Annbaugebiete)-wine grown 13 official growing regions- basic level, everyday, mostly inexpensive. Sugar is typically added
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What is Kabinett?
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Kabinett-a wine made from grapes picked during normal harvest, light-bodied, low in alcohol- typically dry
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What is Spatlese?
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late harvest late picked, fully ripened grapes with great intensity, dry or with a touch of sweetness, high levels of acidity
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What is Auslese?
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Auslese- selected harvest, very ripe grapes, harvested in bunches, more expensive
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What is Beerenauslese (BA)?
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) berry selected, rare costly wines- usually affected by the noble rot, Botrytis cenerea, giving them a sweet, rich honey flavor
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What is Trockenbeerenauslese (TBA)
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dry berry selected harvest, the richest, sweetest, rarest, most expensive of all Greman wines. No more than 6% alcohol, Enormously concentrated sugar
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What is Eiswein?
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(ice wine)- made from very ripe frozen grapes that have been picked, at daybreak. The frozen grapes are pressed and the water (ice) is discarded, leaving highly concentrated, highly sweet & acidic wine.
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What are some major red wines of Germany?
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Spatburgende/Pinot Noir, Portugieser, Dornfelder, Trollinger
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List 2 major German grape varieties used to make white wine.
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Riesling (premiere grape), Muller-Thurgau (table wine), Silvaner, Gewurtraminner (spicy—good for Thanksgiving), Chardonnay
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If a German wine specifies a grape variety, what is the minimum amount (%) of the grape that can be in the bottle of wine?
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85%
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What is Erzeugerabfullung?
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estate-bottled
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The higher the ____ of the grapes used for German wine, the higher up in the pyramid the wine will be categorized.
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ripeness
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What are the three categories of German Wine, according to German wines laws?
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Taffelwein (Table wine)
Qualitatswein (quality wine of designated regions) Qualitatswein mit Pradikat (quality wine with distinction) |
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What is Chaptalization?
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Chaptalization: Sugar is added to the juice before fermentation to increase the alcohol level after fermentation.
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Most Qualitatsweins are best drunk when _____.
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young
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What are the 5 groups, from least to best, of Qualitatswein mit Pradikat?
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1. Kabinett
2. Spatlese 3. Auslese 4. Beerenauslese 5. Trockenbeerenauslese |
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The phrase “Aus Dem Lesegut Von…” means “from the _____ of…” and is the shipper’s/bottler’s guarantee of the authentic origin of the wine.
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estate
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The alcoholic content of German wines are the _____ of the world’s greatest wines.
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lowest
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_____ took top honors for Red Wines at the 1873 Vienna Exhibition.
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Australia
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1995, Wine Spectator Magazine rated an Australian _____ as the top wine of the year.
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Shiraz
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_____ are rated as the top wine drinking country of any English speaking nation, consuming roughly 4.5 gallons of wine per year (2 cases).
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Australians
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Name 5 white wine grape varieties of Australia.
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Chardonnay, Semillon, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc, Verdelho
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Name 4 red wine grape varieties of Australia.
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Shiraz (Syrah), Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Pinot Noir
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Australian wines have a strong desire to focus on the _____ _____ of the grapes. Wine styles usually have less oak influence to gain and must more desirable fruit style. Australians prefer to taste the grape style and not hide it behind lots of other influences.
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Fruit Forward
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What is Australia's oldest wine region?
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Hunter Valley (in New South Wales)
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What Australian state is that largest producing region in terms of volume (60%)?
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South Australia
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What is the oldest and most important region in South Austrlia?
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Barossa Valley
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What is the remote area 250 miles from Adelaide known for its "Terra Rouge" (Red Earth)? This region produces some of the best, most consistent wines in Australia.
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Coonawarra
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What is the name of the premiere winery in Australia, as discussed in class?
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Penfolds
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The native grape variety indigenous to the Eastern United States is called _____ _____.
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vitis labrusca
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Traditional New York wines have a bouquet and aroma called “_____”.
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foxy
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What does the term "foxy" mean?
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The translation of labrusca is the “fox grape” – meaning foxes(and deer) like to eat it off the vine.
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What are some native grape varieties to New York?
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* Concord
* Catawba * Delaware * Ives * Dutchess * Elvira |
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Cross pollination developed hybrid grape varieties, including _____ and _____.
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Seibels (S 1000, S 5279, etc.)
Bacos (Baco 1, Baco 5, etc.) |
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What are the best wines of New York state?
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* Champagnes
* White table wines Riesling Chardonnay Gewurztraminer * Dessert wines |
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Where are the wineries Hargrave Vineyard, Glenora, Heron Hill and Wagner located?
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New York state
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What is the oldest wine growing area in the United States?
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Hudson River Valley District
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The bulk of California wine is from the _____ _____ Valley—mostly jug wines. Ernest & Julio Gallo is the major producer of jug wines.
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San Joaquin
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The _____ Coast is known for producing fine varietal wines in California.
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North
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A varietal wine in the United States is labeled with the predominant grape variety used in making the wine. Federal regulations specify that at least ___% of the grapes used must be of the variety cited.
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75%
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California wine has limited classification system that resembles the _____ equivalent.
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European
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What are the major red grapes, winemakers use to make California Reds?
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1. Cabernet Sauvignon
2. Pinot Noir 3. Zinfandel 4. Merlot |
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What is considered the most successful red vinifera grape in California?
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Cabernet Sauvignon
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Robert Mondavi and Philippe de Rothschild released their newest wine creation called _____ _____. It sells for approximately $100 plus at your local retailer.
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Opus One
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_____ is the surprise grape of California, it was used to make “generic” or “jug” wines in the early years of California wine making. It has developed into one of the best red varietal grapes.
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Zinfandel
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What are the three types of wine labels used on North American wines?
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Proprietary
Generic Varietal |
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A _____ name is one that is trademarked or copyrighted, and is for the sole use of one winery. The goal is to provide brand recognition and loyalty. Early examples include “Thunderbird” and “Night Train”. Recent entries include: “Opus One”, “Dominus”, and Sutter Home’s “Fre” label for its nonalcoholic wines.
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proprietary
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The word “_____” refers to the fact that the name used reflects a type of wine. All of these names used on North American wine labels are European place-names.
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generic
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What are the most common examples of generic names used in America?
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Chablis
Burgundy Champagne Rhine Sauterne |
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What are the most commonly used varietal names in North America?
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Chardonnay
Zinfandel Cabernet Sauvignon Merlot |
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What term is used to suggest wine blended from special vineyards, or wine aged longer than usual? In fact, this term may be used by any vintage-dated, varietally named wine.
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Reserve
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Which term indicates that the growing of grapes, making wine, and bottling were essentially or substantially in the control of one company?
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Estate Bottled
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Grapes were left on the vine to ripen for a longer period of time, thereby developing a higher sugar content. The resulting wine, almost always white, will be very sweet. What is this called?
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Late Harvest
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What is the Appellation System in the United States?
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Approved Viticultual Areas (AVAs)
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Walla Walla, Columbia Valley, Yakima, and Kennewick are all wine regions is _____.
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Washington State
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The majority of Texas vineyards plant _____ grapes.
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Vinifera
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How many AVAs does Texas have?
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6
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In the western part of the Texas, there are a number of wineries around the town of _____.
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Lubbock
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Portugal is world renowned for its _____. Use this term for dessert wines produced in Portugal.
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Porto
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What kind of wine is Porto?
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fortified; Was made by adding Brandy to the wine when shipped to England & they loved it!
During fermentation, the process is stopped by the addition of brandy; this conserves some residual sugar and increases the alcoholic content. |
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New wines in Portugal are sold to the Porto _____, who select new wines for blending.
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shippers
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_____ Portos mature and form their character in casks, and have a nutty flavor in it.
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Tawny
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What are the 7 types of Portos?
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1. Vintage – wines mature for 2 years in wood and then put in a bottle. They mature in the bottle between 20-40 years.
2. Crusted 3. Late-Bottled Vintage (LBV) – wine of a single year, aged from 4-6 years in wood (more expensive). This is not a vintage Porto. 4. Tawny – heap Tawnies are either very young or are a BLEND of red and white Portos. More expensive is aged in wood and sometimes contains amounts of very old wines. 5. Ruby – young red Portos, aged for about 2 years and blended to a consistent house-style. 6. Vintage Character (or Vintage Style) – aged longer than ruby port, with fuller style and greater body. A lighter imitation of Vintage Porto. 7. White – excellent aperitif, whether dry or sweet. Not very popular outside of Portugal. |
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How long to vintage Portos mature in wood? How long do they mature in bottles?
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2 years in wood,
20-40 years in bottle |
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What is Late-Bottled Vintage (LBV)?
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wine of a single year, aged from 4-6 years in wood (more expensive). This is not a vintage Porto.
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What is Vintage Character (or Vintage Style)?
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Portos aged longer than ruby port, with fuller style and greater body. A lighter imitation of Vintage Porto.
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What is the major wine region of Portugal?
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Douro river Valley
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What are 2 major Porto Houses?
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Taylor Fladgate
Fonseca |
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What is adela?
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winery or cellar
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What is branco?
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white
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What is claret?
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light red
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What is larage?
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a trough used for foot pressing of grapes
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What is quinta?
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estate
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What is seco?
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dry
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What is tinto?
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dark red
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What is verde?
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young
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What was the alcohol percentage of the Portos tasted in class?
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20%
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What are the 4 ingredients of beer?
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1. water
2. malt 3. yeast 4. hops |
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Is hard or soft water used for ales? Is hard or soft water used for lagers?
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hard water for ales
soft water for lagers |
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What is the grain of choice for malt?
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barley
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_____ is referred to as the "soul" of beer and has a sweet taste.
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Malt
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Hops are used at ____ different steps of the brewing process to give beer its particular flavor and aromas.
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four
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What is the process of aging beer at cool temperatures (30-50 degrees F) for several weeks or month, producing light and crisp beers?
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lagering
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What are beers produced with bottom fermenting yeast strains at cooler temperatures, which inhibits productuon of esters and other byproducts?
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lager
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What is the vessel in which wort from the ash is boiled with hops?
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brew kettle
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_____ _____ is the addition of dry hops to fermenting or aging beer to increase its hop character or aroma.
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dry-hopping
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What is grist?
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milled grains
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A small brewery generally producing less than 15,000 barrels per year is called a _____ _____.
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micro brewery
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What is the solution of grain sugars strained from the must ton called?
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wort, or sweet wort
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What does "hoppy" mean?
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aroma of hops
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How many gallons is a keg?
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15.5
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What is a pony keg/how much does it hold?
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one half keg - 7.75 gallons
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A tank where grist is soaked in water and heated in order to convert the starch to sugar is called a _____ _____.
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mash tun
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What is "skunky"?
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aroma and flavor associated with light-struck beer
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Beers distinguished by use of top-fermenting yeast strains, producing byproducts that are fruity are called _____.
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ales
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A _____ _____ is collective equipment used to make beer (also called a brewpub).
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brew house
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What are the principle steps in beer making?
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1. malting (encouraging the sprouting of barley)
2. add hot water to produce mash 3. clarify the mash into wort 4. brewing - wort is transferred to kettle 5. add hops 6. remove hops; cool 7. yeast is added (pitching) 8. second fermentation; maturing 9. filtered 10. bottling/canning/kegging and pastuerized |
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What is beer?
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a beverage brewed from grains
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What are adjuncts?
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in beer, corn or rice (other cereals)
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_____ supplies the nutrient substances in beer.
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Malt
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Corn and rice give _____ to the brew.
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lightness
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What are the rankings of beer (5), n order from least alcohol to most?
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1. light
2. regular 3. premium 4. super premium 5. specialties |
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The beer in _____ are not pasteurized.
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kegs
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____% of all beer on earth from Anheuser-Busch (5 million 12oz beers per year). (Modern Marvels)
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12%
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What is Reinheitsgebot? (Modern Marvels)
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strict beer law in Germany “German beer purity law” – first food law
-Could only use malt, hops, and water (then yeast). |
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For most beers, use a straight shot, long drop, right down the middle of the glass. Why?
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-beer loses aroma
-too much/too little head -beer clean glass To release the carbon dioxide: 1. Gas goes straight to the belly. 2. Unpoured beer has unappealing, gassy “bite” 3. Head forms and lets the beer’s fragrance rise. |
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How much head should be on a beer?
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1/2 - 1 inch
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In the U.S., most beers are served too _____.
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cold
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The colder the beer, the less _____ that is released, the less aroma the beer gives off.
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carbonation
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What is the term for measuring bitterness oils from hops?
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International Bitterness Units (IBU)
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