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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How many cranial bones are in the skull? |
8 |
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Name the cranial bones of the skull. |
- Frontal - Right/Left Parietal - Occipital - Right/Left Temporal - Sphenoid - Ethmoid PEST OF 6 PARIETAL, ETHMOID, SPHENOID, OCCIPITAL, FRONTAL |
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How many facial bones are there in the skull? |
14 |
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Name the facial bones in the skull. |
- Right/Left Maxillae - Right/Left Zygomatic - Right/Left Lacrimal - Right/Left Nasal - Right/Left Inferior Nasal Conchae - Right/Left Palatine - Volmer - Mandible VIRGIL CAN'T MAKE MY PET ZEBRA LAUGH VOLMER, CONCHAE, MAXILLAE, MANDIBLE, PALATINE, ZYGOMATIC, LACRIMAL |
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How are the cranial bones differentiated? |
Calvarium - Frontal, Parietal, and Occipital Floor - Temporal, Sphenoid, Ethmoid |
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Name the smooth raised prominence between the eyebrows. |
Glabella |
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Where is the supraorbital groove and why is it important? |
Slight depression above each eyebrow. -Corresponds with the floor of the anterior fossa of the cranial vault. - Also the level of orbital plate/highest level of facial bone mass |
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What bones does the frontal bone articulate with? |
Right/Left parietals Sphenoid Ethmoid |
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What point is the widest point of the skull? |
Parietal Tubercles |
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What landmark is at the inferior posterior portion of the skull? |
Posterior occipital protruberance or inion |
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What is the largest opening in the skull? |
Foramen magnum |
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Name the articular surfaces lateral to the foramen magnum and what they articulate with. |
- Condylar portions/occipital condyles - Articulate with C1 - Atlas - Called the Atlanto-occipital joint |
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What is the palpable portion of the temporal bone that extends to articulate with a facial bone? |
The zygomatic process of the temporal bone extends to meet the temporal process of the zygomatic bone. |
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Name the three portions of the temporal bone. |
- Squamous portion - Upper wall - Mastoid portion - Inferior with mastoid tip - Petrous portion - Medial with petrous pyramid/pars petrosa |
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What is housed in the petrous portion of the temporal bone? |
Organs of hearing/equilibrium including mastoid air cells |
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What external landmark corresponds with the petrous ridge? |
Top of ear attachment (TEA) |
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Name the foramen of the sphenoid from anterior to posterior. |
- Foramen rotundum - Foramen ovale - Foramen spinosum RUN ON SENTENCE ROTUNDUM, OVALE, SPINOSUM |
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What is the suture between the parietal bones? |
Sagital suture |
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What is the suture between the occipital and parietal bones? |
Lamboidal |
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What is the suture between the frontal and parietal bones? |
Coronal |
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What is the suture between the temporal and parietal bones called? |
Squamousal |
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What is the meeting point of the sagittal and coronal sutures called? |
Bregma |
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What is the meeting point of the lamboidal and sagittal sutures called? |
Lambda |
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What is the meeting point of the coronal and squamosal sutures called? |
Pterion |
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What is the meeting point between the squamousal and lambdoidal sutures called? |
Asterion |
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In an infant skull, what fontanels do the following adult points correspond with? - Bregma - Lambda - Pterion - Asterion |
- Bregma - Anterior Fontanel - Lambda - Posterior Fontanel - Pterion - Sphenoid Fontanel - Asterion - Mastoid Fontanel |
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What are the largest immovable bones in the face? |
Maxillae |
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The maxillae help form which cavities in the face? |
- Oral - Nasal - Orbital |
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Name the paranasal sinuses. |
- Maxillary - Frontal - Ethmoid - Sphenoid |
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Which position are all sinuses clearly visualized? |
Lateral and Parietoacanthial Transoral Projection (Open Mouth Waters) |
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Which sinuses are clearly visualized in the PA (Caldwell) Position? |
Frontal, ethmoid, and maxillary. |
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Which bones form the orbits? |
Cranial - Frontal, Sphenoid, Ethmoid Facial - Maxilla, Zygoma, Lacrimal, Palatine |
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Name the openings in the posterior orbit from superior to inferior. |
- Optic foramen - Superior orbital fissure - Inferior orbital fissure |
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What common fracture affects the zygoma? |
Tripod fracture |
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What type of fracture causes a fracture on one side of the structure resulting from impact from the opposite side? |
Contrecoup |
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What are the 3 skull classifications? |
- Mesocephalic - Normal - Width between 75-80% of length - Brachycephalic - Width 80% or more of length - Dolichocephalic - Width less than 75% of length |
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What is the angle formed by the petrous pyramids in the 3 skull classifications? |
- Mesocephalic - Normal - 47° - Brachycephalic - > 47° - Dolichocephalic - < 47° |
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Name the positioning lines of the skull from superior to inferior. |
- Glabellomeatal Line - Orbitomeatal Line - Infraorbitomeatal Line - Acanthiomeatal Line - Lips-meatal Line - Mentalmeatal Line |
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What line is important to place exactly perpendicular with the IR when positioning the skull in a true lateral position? |
Interpupillary Line |
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What position is preferred for facial and sinus cavity projections and why? |
Erect, to visualize air-fluid levels in sinuses and cranial cavities. |
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What are the 5 most common positioning errors in cranial, facial and sinus positioning? |
- Rotation - Tilt - Excessive neck flexion - Excessive neck extension - Incorrect CR angle |
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If properly positioned, where should the petrous pyramids be projected in the PA Skull, PA Axial Skull and Parietoacanthal (Waters) projections? |
PA Skull - Petrous pyramids should fill the orbits. PA Axial Skull - Petrous pyramids should fill the lower 1/3 of orbits. Parietoacanthial (Waters) - Petrous pyramids should be projected just below maxillary sinuses. |
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What anatomy is demonstrated on an AP Axial Towne? |
- Occipital Bone - Petrous Pyramids - Foramen Magnum - Posterior clinoid process visualized within shadow of foramen magnum |
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What anatomy is demonstrated on a Lateral Skull? |
- Entire cranium - Parietal bones superimposed. - Sella turcica, anterior and posterior clinoid processes. - Sella turcica and clivus demonstrated in profile |
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Where do the petrous pyramids appear in a PA Axial projection with a 15° CR angle? |
In lower 1/3 of orbits. |
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What evidence of rotation is visualized on an SMV? |
MSP is not parallel with edge of IR. |
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The the IR should be perpendicular with which positioning line for the AP Axial Towne? |
OML or IOML |
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What is the exiting point for the PA Axial (Caldwell) 15° projection for facial bones? |
Nasion |
