Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is the difference between Kinetic and potential energy?
|
Kinetic energy is in motion, potential energy is stored.
|
|
|
What is the relationship between a solute, solvent, and a solution?
|
A solution is composed of a solute dissolved in a solvent.
|
|
|
What does osmosis do?
|
Passively moves water into cells
|
|
|
What are the 2 universal laws of energy?
|
1. Energy cannot be created or destroyed.
2. Energy may be converted from one form to another. |
|
|
What is entropy?
|
Disorganization.
|
|
|
What are the 3 components of ATP?
|
Adenine, Phosphate, and Ribose
|
|
|
What is a form of energy being lost?
|
Heat
|
|
|
What is the equation for Cellular respiration?
|
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 ---> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O [+ ATP]
|
|
|
What is consumed by Cellular respiration?
|
Carbohydrates and Oxygen
|
|
|
What is produced by Cellular respiration?
|
Carbon dioxide and water
|
|
|
What is the equation for Photosynthesis?
|
6 CO2 + 12 H20 --(light)--> C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + 6 H2O
|
|
|
What is consumed by photosynthesis?
|
Carbon dioxide and water
|
|
|
What is produced by photosynthesis?
|
Carbohydrates and oxygen
|
|
|
What do enzymes do?
|
Speed up Reactions
|
|
|
What are the molecules used with enzymes called?
|
Substrates
|
|
|
What is simple diffusion?
|
The movement of molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration. Tries to find equilibrium.
|
|
|
What is facilitated diffusion?
|
Uses channel proteins to move bigger molecules through a membrane.
|
|
|
What is osmosis?
|
The movement of water molecules across a membrane
|
|
|
What are two things that active transport needs?
|
1. Energy
2. A protein pump |
|
|
What do cells involved in active transport have a large number of near their plasma membrane?
|
Mitochondria
|
|
|
What is osmosis facilitated by?
|
Channel proteins called aquaporins
|
|
|
What is the amount of energy needed to get a reaction started called?
|
Energy of activation
|
|
|
What is the active site in an enzyme?
|
The part of an enzyme where its substrates fit in
|
|
|
What are the 4 steps of Cellular Respiration?
|
1. Glycolysis,
2. Preparatory step, 3. Krebs Cycle, 4. Electron Transport chain |
|
|
Which of the 4 steps of Cellular Respiration happen outside of the Mitochondria?
|
Glycolysis
|
|
|
Which of the 4 steps of Cellular Respiration happen inside the mitochondria?
|
Preparatory step, Krebs Cycle, and Electron transport chain
|
|
|
What is the net ATP gain of Cellular Respiration?
|
34-38
|
|
|
What is the net ATP gain of Fermentation?
|
2
|
|
|
Why is breathing important to Cellular Respiration?
|
Breathing takes in oxygen, which is needed for cellular respiration, and releases carbon dioxide, which is a product of cellular respiration
|
|
|
Which phases in Cellular respiration form CO2?
|
It is released during the preparatory stage and krebs cycle.
|
|
|
Which phase in Cellular Respiration is H2O formed?
|
It is the end product of the electron transport chain
|
|
|
What is the net gain of ATP in glycolysis per glucose molecule?
|
2
|
|
|
How many NADH are produced from each glucose molecule as a result of the preparatory reaction?
|
2, one per pyruvate
|
|
|
What are the products of fermentation by humans and yeast
|
Humans produce lactate, yeast produce ethyl alcohol and CO2
|
|
|
Which Enzyme is more productive in Cellular Respiration? NADH or FADH2?
|
NADH. NADH leads to 3 ATP, FADH2 leads to 2 ATP.
|
|
|
Which cycle of cellular respiration happens in the christae?
|
Electron transport chain
|
|
|
True or False, Glycolysis occurs in the mitochondria?
|
False, occurs in the cytoplasm
|
|
|
Is fermentation a good source of energy (ATP) for a life sustaining system?
|
No, fermentation only nets 2 ATP (from the Glycolysis step, which proceeds fermentation) and it is under anerobic conditions
|
|
|
What is the starting and ending products of Glycolysis?
|
Start with: Glucose, and 2 ATP
End with: 2 Pyruvate molecules, 4 ATP, and 2 NADH |
|
|
What is the starting and ending products of the Preparatory reaction?
|
Start with: 2 Pyruvate molecules
End with: 2 Acetyl CoA and 2 CO2 |
|
|
What is the starting and ending products of the Krebs cycle?
|
Start with: 2 Acetyl CoA
End with: 4 CO2, 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2 |
|
|
What is the starting and ending products of the Electron Transport chain?
|
Start with: 10 NADH, 2 FADH2
End with: About 34 ATP |
|
|
Among the 38 possible ATP, which are made in which Cellular respiration cycle?
|
30 = Electron Transport chain from NADH
4 = Electron Transport chain from FADH2 2 = Krebs Cycle 2 = Glycolysis |
|
|
Where does the energy come from in Cellular Respiration? (Where is the energy from in our diets?)
|
The organic Bonds that have electrons
|
|
|
What is the principal pigment of plants and other photosynthetic organisms?
|
Chlorophyll
|
|
|
What is the sac-like body in chloroplasts that are made of photosynthetic membranes that contain photosystems called?
|
The thylakoid
|
|
|
What are the large proteins that use energy from H+ ions to bind ADP and phosphate groups together to produce ATP called?
|
ATP Synthase
|
|
|
What is the region outside the thylkaloid membranes in chloroplasts called?
|
Stroma
|
|
|
What is a process that does not require oxygen called?
|
Anerobic
|
|
|
What is a process that requires oxygen called?
|
Aerorobic
|
|
|
What is a stoma?
|
Small opening on the underside of the leaf in which gases pass
|
|
|
What is a Mesophyll cell?
|
Thickest area of the leaf, the site of the most photosynthesis occurrence.
|
|
|
What is a Thylakoid?
|
flattened sac in chloroplast which contain chlorophyll. The site of photosynthesis light reactions
|
|
|
What are the two reactions in photosynthesis?
|
1. Light reaction
2. Calvin cycle reaction (Light independent) |
|
|
Where does the Light reaction occur?
|
In the thylakoid membrane
|
|
|
What happens in the light reaction?
|
Chlorophyll absorbs solar energy and energizes electrons.
|
|
|
What is the product of the light cycle?
|
ATP and (NADP+ -->) NADPH
|
|
|
What is the product of the CAlvin Cycle?
|
Glucose and other organic molecules.
|
|
|
What are chlorophyll classified as?
|
Pigments
|
|
|
What do pigments do?
|
Absorb solar energy
|
|
|
What color light do chlorophyll reflect?
|
Green
|
|
|
Carotenoid is classified as what?
|
Accessory pigments
|
|
|
What color light do carotenoid reflect?
|
Orange and Red
|
|
|
What is used to produce ATP in the light reaction?
|
The sun's energy, which is stored in the form of H+ gradient
|
|
|
Name the two photosystems in order of when they happen
|
Photosystem II and then PHotosystem I
|
|
|
What happens in Photosystem II?
|
The absorption of solar energy. Electrons are then sent to the Electron Transport chain
|
|
|
What happens in the Electron Transport chain in Photosynthesis?
|
The electron carriers deliver the electrons, releasing energy. Energy is stored as H+ gradient.
|
|
|
What happens in Photosystem I?
|
Absorption of solar energy. Used with hydrogen to change NAPD+ to become NADPH
|
|
|
Where are the Photosystems II, Photosystems I and the electron transport chain located at?
|
The thylakoid membrane
|
|
|
What is photolysis?
|
The splitting of water molecules, which results in the release of oxygen
|
|
|
Where does the Calvin cycle occur?
|
In the Stroma
|
|
|
What are the 3 steps of the Calvin Cycle?
|
1. Carbon dioxide Fixation
2. Carbon dioxide Reduction 3. Regeneration of the first substrate (RuBP) |
|
|
What is the end product of the Calvin Cycle?
|
C6H12O6 (glucose)
|
|
|
What happens in the Carbon dioxide fixation step of the Calvin Cycle?
|
CO2 from the atmosphere attaches to RuBP by the enzyme RuBP carboxylase. The 6 Carbon molecule gets split into two 3 carbon molecules.
|
|
|
What happens in the Carbon dioxide reduction step of the Calvin cycle?
|
R-CO2 becomes R-CH2O. The G3P can become glucose or some other organic molecule. This step needs NADPH and some ATP
|
