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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a gene?
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A code for one protein
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What is the function of DNA?
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To code for proteins
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What makes you different from another organism or the person sitting next to you?
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The proteins you make
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What is an ionic bond?
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Chemical bond in which ions are attracted to one another by opposite charges
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What is a covalent bond?
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Chemical bond in which atoms share one pair of electrons
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What are some important compounds with covalent bonds?
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Sugars, fats and proteins
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What is a monosaccharide?
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A simple sugar; a carbohydrate that cannot be decomposed by hydrolysis. eg glucose
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What is a monomer?
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A small molecule that is a subunit of a polymer. eg glucose is a monomer of starch
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What is a polymer?
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A macromolecule cosisting of covalently bonded monomers
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What is a protein used for?
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Support, enzymes, transport, defence (antibodies), hormones, movement (muscle proteins)
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What is a phospholipid?
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Molecule that forms the bilayer of the cell's membranes; has a polar, hydrophillic head bonded to two, non-polar hydrophobic tails
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The monomers of nucleic acids are ________?
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Nucleotides
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How do monomers join to form polymers?
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Dehydration synthesis
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How do polymers break apart to form monomers?
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Hydrolysis
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What does an enzyme do?
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Controls all things in the cell
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What kind of amino acids are there?
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non-polar (hydrophobic), polar (hydrophillic), acid groups, basic groups
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What is the most important thing about proteins?
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The sequence of amino acids
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What determines the sequence of amino acids?
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Genes tell the cell how to make proteins
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What are the 3 types of lipids?
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1) Triglycerides (long term storage)
2) Phosophlipids (makes up membrane) 3) Steroids (hormones) |
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What are the nucleic acids?
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Ademine and thymine
Guanine and Cytosine |
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What does a gene do?
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- Tell how to make a protein
- Can duplicate itself - Template for protein synthesis |
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What is the template for protein synthesis?
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DNA -> RNA -> Proteins
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What is a eukaryotic cell?
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Type of cell that has a nucleus and organelles
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What is a prokaryotic cell?
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A cell that doesn't have a nucleus or organelles
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What are some functions of cell membranes?
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Barrier, compartamelization, regulated transport, structure for holding proteins and enzymes
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What do plant cells have the animal cells do not?
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Cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplasts
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What does hypertonic mean?
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Less water inside, more outside
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What does hypotonic mean?
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Less water outside, more inside
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What is mitosis?
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Process in which a parent nucleus produces two daughter nuclei each having the same number of chromosomes as the parent nucleus
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What is meiosis?
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Type of nuclear division that occurs as part of sexual reproduction, in which the daughter cells receive the haploid number of chromosomes in varied combinations
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What is cytokinesis?
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The division of the cytoplasm following mitosis and meiosis.
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What is metaphase?
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The chromosomes line up at the equatorial plane of the cell
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What is anaphase?
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The chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles of the cell
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What is telophase?
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1. New nuclear membranes are formed.
2. Spindle fibers fragment. 3. Chromosomes unwind and appear as chromatin fibers again. 4. Two new cells start to form |
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What does differentiation mean?
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The process by which cells or parts of an organism change during development to serve a specific function.
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What is transcription?
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When DNA makes RNA which leaves the nucleus, which then makes proteins. Happens in the nucleus.
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What is in each nucleotide?
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Phosphate, a pentose sugar, nitrogen containing base
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What are the four nitrogenous bases and which ones are complementary base pairs?
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Adenine - Thymine
Guanine - Cytosine |
