Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Types of muscle tissue?
- describe briefly - roots of the words |
- skeletal
- cardiac - smooth Skeletal and smooth muscle cells (but not cardiac muscle cells) are elongated, and for this reason, they are called MUSCLE FIBERS The prefixes MYO or MYS (word roots mean "muscle") or SARCO (flesh) the reference is always to muscle. Example: the plasma membrane of muscle cells is called the SARCOLEMMA, literally, "muscle" (sarco) "husk" (lemma), and muscle cell cytoplasm is called SARCOPLASM. |
|
Skeletal muscle tissue
- describe - important words related to this tissue |
SKELETAL MUSCLE TISSUE is packages into the SKELETAL MUSCLES, or organs that attach to and cover the bony skeleton. SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS are the longest muscle cells and have obvious stripes called STRIATIONS. Although it is often activated by reflexes, skeletal muscle is called VOLUNTARY MUSCLE because it is the only type subject to conscious control
- important word related to SKELETAL MUSCLE TISSUE: SKELETAL, STRIATED, and VOLUNTARY Skeletal muscle is responsible for overall body mobility. It can contract rapidly, but it tires easily and must rest after short periods of activity. Nevertheless, it can exert tremendous power, a fact revealed by reports of people lifting cars to save their loved ones. Ekeletal muscle is also remarkably adaptable. Example: your forearm muscles can exert a force of a fraction of an ounce to pick up a paper clip - or a force of about 6 pounds to pick up a book. |
|
Cardiac muscle
- describe - important words related to this tissue |
Cardiac Muscle
Cardiac muscle tissue occurs ONLY IN THE HEART, where it constitutes the bulk of the heart walls. Like skeletal muscle cells, cardiac muscle cells are STRIATED, but cardiac muscle is not voluntary. Indeed, it can and does contract without being stimulated by the nervous system. Most of us have no conscious control over how fast our heart beats. KEY WORDS: - CARDIAC - STRIATED - INVOLUNTARY striated: Marked with striae; striped, grooved, or ridged |
|
Smooth muscle
- description - important word related to this tissue - function |
Smooth muscle tissue is found in the walls of hollow visceral organs, such as the STOMACH, URINARY BLADDER, and RESPIRATORY PASSAGES.
Its role is to force fluids and other substances through internal body channels. Like skeletal muscle, smooth muscle consists of elongated cells, but smooth muscle has NO STRIATIONS. Like cardiac muscle, smooth muscle is not subject to voluntary control. Its contractions are slow and sustained. Important words related to this tissue: - VISCERAL - NONSTRIATED - INVOLUNTARY |
|
Skeletal / Cardiac / Smooth Muscle Tissue
- important words related to each tissue |
Skeletal: skeletal, striated, voluntary
Cardiac: cardiac, striated, involuntary Smooth: visceral, nonstriated, involuntary |
|
visceral
visceral muscle |
VISCERAL: pertaining to an internal organ of the body or the inner part of a structure.
VISCERAL MUSCLE: Type of smooth muscle; its cells contract as a unit and rhythmically, are electrically coupled by a gap junctions, and often exhibit spontaneous action potentials. Also called unitary smooth muscle. |
|
Smooth muscles - LOCATION
|
mostly in the walls of hollow visceral organs, e.g. stomach, urinary bladder, and respiratory passages.
|
|
What is the role of the smooth muscle?
|
Its role is to force fluids and other substances through internal body channels.
|
|
Smooth muscle / description
|
smooth muscle:
spindle-shaped cells with central nuclei; no striations; cells arranged closely to form sheets |
|
Smooth muscle:
function |
The function of the SMOOTH MUSCLE is to propel substances or objects (foodstuffs, urine, a baby) along internal passageways; involuntary control.
Therefore it is found in the walls of hollow visceral organs, such as the stomach, urinary bladder, and respiratory passages where it forces fluids and other substances through internal body channels. |
|
Cardiac muscle:
location |
only the walls of the heart
|
|
Cardiac muscle:
role? |
Cardiac muscle tissue occurs ONLY in the heart, where it constitutes the bulk of the heart walls.
As it contracts, it propels blood into the circulation; INVOLUNTARY control; Cardiac muscle usually contracts at a fairly steady rate set by the heart's pacemaker, but neural controls allow the heart to speed up for brief periods, as when you race across the tennis court to make that overhead smash. |
|
Cardiac Muscle:
description |
- branching;
- striated; generally uninucleate cells that interdigitate at specialized junctions (intercalated discs) CARDIAC / STRIATED / INVOLUNTARY |
|
Cardiac muscle:
function |
As it contracts, it propels blood into the circulation;
involuntary control |
|
SKELETAL MUSCLE:
description |
long, cylindrical, multinucleate cells; obvious striations
Skeletal muscle tissue is packaged into the SKELETAL MUSCLES, organs that attach to and cover the bony skeleton. Skeleton muscle fibers are the longest muscle cells and have obvious stripes called STRIATIONS. Although it is often activated by reflexed, skeletal muscle is called VOLUNTARY MUSCLE because it is the only type subject to conscious control. |
|
SKELETAL MUSCLE:
LOCATION |
Skeletal muscle is responsible for overall BODY MOBILITY.
It can contract rapidly, but it tires easily and must rest after short periods of activity. It can be found in SKELETAL MUSCLES attached to BONES or occasionally to SKIN. |
|
SKELETAL MUSCLE:
important words related to this tissue |
SKELETAL
STRIATED VOLUNTARY |
|
Muscle Functions
|
- producing movement
- maintaing posture and body position - stabilizing joints - generating heat - protect the more fragile internal organs by enclosing them (skeletal) - regulate passage of substances through internal body openings (smooth) - constrict the pupils of your eyes - form the arrector pili muscles attached to hair follicles |
|
Muscle Functions:
producing movement - describe |
Muscle Functions
Producing Movement Just about all movements of the human body and its parts result from msucle contraction. SKELETAL muscles are responsible for all locomotion (moving from place to place) and manipulation. They enable you to respond quickly to changes in the external environment - for example, jump out of the way of a car, direct your eyes, and smile or frown. Blood courses through your body because of the rhythmically beating CARDIAC muscle of your heart and the smooth muscle in the walls of your blood vessels, which helps maintain blood pressure. sMOOTH muscle in organs of the digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts propels, or squeezes, substances (foodstuffs, urine, semen) through the organs and along the tract. |
|
MUSCLE FUNCTIONS:
maintaining posture and body position - describe |
SKELETAL muscles maintain body posture. These muscles function almost continuously, making one tiny adjustment after another to counteract the never-ending downward pull of gravity.
|
|
MUSCLE FUNCTIONS:
Stabilizing Joints - describe |
Even as muscles pull on bones to cause movement, they stabilize and strengthen the joints of the skeleton.
|
|
MUSCLE FUNCTIONS:
Generating Heat - describe |
Muscles generate heat as they CONTRACT.
This heat is vitally important in maintaining normal body temperature. Because SKELETAL muscle accounts for at least 40% of body mass, it is the muscle type most responsible for generating heat. |
|
Which muscle type is most responsible for generating heat?
|
SKELETAL
Muscles generate heat as they CONTRACT. This heat is vitally important in maintaining normal body temperature. Because SKELETAL muscle accounts for at least 40% of body mass, it is the muscle type most responsible for generating heat. |
|
________________ muscles protect the more fragile internal organs (the viscera) by enclosing them.
|
Skeletal muscles protect the more fragile internal organs (the viscera) by enclosing them.
|
|
___________ muscles form valves to regulate the passage of substances through internal body openings.
|
Smooth muscles
|
|
Smooth muscles - functions
|
Smooth muscles form valves to regulate the passage of substances through internal body openings,
dilate and constrict the pupils of the eyes, form the arrector pili muscles attached to hair follicles |
|
_____________ constrict the pupils of the eyes
|
Smooth muscles
|
|
______________ muscles form the arrector pili muscles attached to hair follicles.
|
Smooth muscles
|
|
When describing muscle, what does "striated" mean?
|
"Striated" means "with stripes"
|
|
Which muscle type has elongated cells and is found in the walls of the urinary bladder?
|
Smooth muscle
|