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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A dangerous form of food poisoning is caused by:
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D. Clostridium botulinum.
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Endospores of botulism can resist all of the following conditions EXCEPT
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irradiation.
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Extreme halophiles
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require high salt concentration environments
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The slime layer around the bacterial cell is called the
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capsule
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If a sac made of bladder membrane, regenerated cellulose, or some other semipermeable membrane is
filled with water and placed in a vessel of sugar suryp or strong salt solution, water will |
Leave the sac by osmosis.
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A scientific theory
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is an explanation of a broad range of related phenomena based on repeated testing of a hypothesis
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Antibiotics adversely affect: [Farr says, "antibiotics" should be called by another name.]
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bacteria
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Organisms which utilize only pre-solubilized (digested or rotten) nutrients as a food source are called
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Saprophytes (saprobes).
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Where did the organelles mitochondria and chloroplast come from according to the text?
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endosymbiosis
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The prions responsible for causing vCJD are
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misfolded versions of a protein which trigger normal versions of that protein to become misfolded
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Infective proteins are known as
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prions
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Which prokaryotic cell is correctly matached with its morphology (shape)?
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spirillum, has one or more twists like a spiral
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Plant viruses
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can be transfered from plants to man by insects
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Conjugation or "sex" in bacteria
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transfers a plasmid from one cell to another
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A bacterium that produces heterocysts and can fix nitrogen is
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Nostoc
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When nutrients become scarce, some bacteria reduce their metabolism and:
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form endospores
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Which of the following could be called "pathogens"?
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viruses, bacteria and protozoans (protistans)
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According to scientific understanding, the main divergence between life forms, which began not long
after the origination of life, was between |
archea and bacteria
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The food isle in HEB that contains boxes of fruit juices or even milk may have a sign that says
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Aseptic items
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Most scientists do not consider viruses to be "alive" because
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their metabolic machinery is borrowed from the host cell.
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Heating milk to approximately 160° F (or so) and holding it there for a few seconds kills is a process
invented by ___________ for the beer and wine industry. |
Louis Pasteur
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Which of the below groups contains individuals which do NOT exhibit metabolism or life functions
during any part of their existence? |
viri
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You should not give honey to a child under two years of ages because when honey is ____ bacterial
spores and bacteria cells may take off and grow, producing toxic products that may harm the child |
diluted
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The many forms of bacteria normally inhabiting the large intestine of humans
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Are usually harmless as long as they do not invade other parts of the body.
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Which one of the following features of the cell theory is the basis for modern surgery, stem-cell
research, and the canning of foods with heat and pressure? |
Cells originate from preexisting cells.
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Which of the following is a modern illnesses is caused by a retrovirus?
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AIDS
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The chopped cabbage used in making sour kraut becomes "sour" because bacteria in the barrel or
process produces |
lactic acid
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Heating milk to approximately 160° F (or so) and holding it there for a few seconds kills
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most non-spore-forming bacteria.
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The quick freezing and freeze drying of foods is an effective way to:
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suspend bacterial growth in foods that are harmed by sterilization typical freezing and thawing.
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Methane, salt, and sulpholobus bacteria have in common that they are members of the:
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Archae
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Identfy the FALSE statement regarding endospores
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endospores resist dehydration but are killed almost immediately by boiling
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Bacteria that have colonies that are chain shaped are called
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strep
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Most pathogenic bacteria cause disease by
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producing toxins that disrupt normal functions.
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Which of the following are of the smallest size?
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viroids
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What important role do bacteria play in ecosystems?
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decomposers
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Cyanobacteria are
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photosynthetic
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Which of the following are bacteria that live in temperatures that are not ususally conducive to life.
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thermophiles
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Pathogens
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are defined as any infectious agent that can invade a host organism and multiply on or in it
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The antibacterial agent penicillin comes from
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a fungus
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Which bacterial feature would allow a bacterium to infect a host even after a long period of dessiccation
or drying? |
endospore
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This resting stucture can form (in rod bacteria) to contain one copy of the bacterial chromosome and
part of the cytoplasm. It is called a(n) |
endospore
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The holes that appear in Swiss cheese occur because
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bacteria produce gas
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We place food in the refrigerator to ______ bacteria
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retard growth of.
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Hospitals use autoclaves to kill endospores and resistant bacteria through
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moist heat and pressure
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Evolution (change or adaptaion) can be very rapid in bacteria because
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Their generation time is as little a 30 minutes.
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Nearly all bacteria are of this type (nutritionally)--
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chemoheterotrophic
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If the early Earth's atmosphere contained little or no O2 then where did most of the O2 in our modern
atmosphere come from? |
photosynthesis
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Heating milk, juice or beer, but not boiling it, and holding it there for less than a minute is called
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Pasteurization.
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"Peas porriage hot; Peas porriage cold ...." reminds us of a food keeping process that
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knocks back bacteria in the porriage to endospores that will once again emerge as live bacteria
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Jams, jellies, preserves, honey, and other foodstuffs with a high sugar content hardly ever become
spoiled by bacteria, even when the food containers are left open at room temperature. This is because bacteria that encounter such an environment |
stop metabolic activity by plasmolysis or due to water loss below 15%.
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The term used with bacterial cells to indicate the association of cells in colonial form that appear as
clumps or clusters is |
staphlo
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How long ago do scientists believe life first began on Earth?
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3.7 billion years
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What process produces Earth's atmospheric oxygen?
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photosynthesis
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Complete this analogy: Atoms are to molecules as
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tissues are to organs
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Which level of organization is one step above cells?
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tissue
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While examining a hot spring, you find something you haven't seen before. It has a cell membrane, but the cell wall lacks peptidoglycan. It contains both DNA and RNA. The DNA is circular. It would be classified as a(n):
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archea
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In bacteria, the small, circular pieces of DNA that are located outside the chromosome are called:
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plasmids
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Intestinal bacteria are necessary for plant-eating animals to digest:
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cellulose
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Oil spills are sprayed with bacterial cultures in order to:
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break down the oil
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The use of bacteria to break down pollutants is referred to as:
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bioremadiation
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You discover a new "thing." It has only RNA as a nucleic acid and lacks both a membrane and cytoplasm. This "thing" is a(n):
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virus
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