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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
ossicles
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three tiny bones in the middle ear that are involved with amplifying sound waves
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outer ear
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one of the three main regions of the ear, which consists of the pinna and auditory canals and ends at the tympanum or ear drum
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oval window
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a membrane-covered opening located between the chamber of the middle ear and the wall of the inner ear The stapes (stirrup) is attached to it and transmits sound waves by it to the inner ear
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overshoot
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the situation that results when more potassium ions leak out of the neuron than should because the potassium gates are slow to close; results in hyperpolarization
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parasympathetic nervous system
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the division of the autonomic nervous system that oversees digestion, elimination, and glandular function; often works opposite the sympathetic nervous system to bring the body back to normal
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perception
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the interpretation of sensory information by the cerebral cortex
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peripheral nervous system (PNS)
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the portion of the nervous system consisting of nerve and ganglia (collections of nerve cell bodies) that are outside the brain and spinal cord
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photoreceptor
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a sensory receptor that responds to light stimuli, allowing people to see light and colours
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pinna
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the outer flap of the ear that is composed of skin and cartilage and shaped so that it enhances sound vibrations and funnels them into the auditory canal
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pitch
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corresponds to the frequency of a sound wave
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polarization
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the process of generating arresting membrane potential averaging approximately- 70mV
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polarized membrane
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the state of a cell membrane in an unstimulated neuron in which the inside of the neuron is negatively charged compared to the positive outside
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postsynaptic membrane
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the surface membrane on the dendrites of a receiving neuron across the synaptic cleft; contains receptor sites for neurotransmitters
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postsynaptic neuron
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the receiving neuron
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presynaptic membrane
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the surface membrane surrounding the synaptic knob and facing the synaptic cleft
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presynaptic neuron
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the sending neuron
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reflex
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an inborn, unlearned behaviour that results from the stimulation of a special neuron pathway called the reflex arch
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reflex arch
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an involuntary neural pathway that consists of a sensory receptor, a sensory neuron, a control center that can be either the brain or the spinal cord, a motor neuron, and an effector that results in a reflex behaviour that usually has survival value
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refract
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to bend light as it passed through a substance with a different frequency
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refractory period
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the short time immediately after an action potential in which the neuron cannot respond to another stimulus
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replarization
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restoring the resting membrane potential from the depolarized state
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retina
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the innermost layer of the eye that contains the photoreceptors |
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retinal
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a deprivation of vitamin A that is the result of decomposition of rhodopsin and is instrumental in initiating a nerve impulse
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rhodopsin
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a visual pigment found in rod cells that is decomposed by light into opsin and retinal, this initiates a nerve impulse
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rods
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one of two types of photoreceptors in the retina of the eye that is sensitive to light intensity and detect movement; does not distinguish colour
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