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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Acoelomate
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A solid-bodied animal lacking a cavity between the gut and outer body wall. תולעים שטוחות
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Anterior
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Front. The head of a bilaterally symmetrical animal
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Archenteron
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The endoderm-lined cavity, formed during the gastrulation process, that develops into the digestive tract of an animal
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Bilateral symmetry
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characterizes a body-form with a central longitudinal plane that divides the body into two equal but opposite halves
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Bilaterian
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Member of the clade Bilateria, animals with bilateral symmetry
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Blastocoel
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The fluid filled cavity that forms the center of a blastula
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Blastopore
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The opening of the archenteron in the gastrula that develops into the mouth in protostomes and the anus in deuterostomes
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Blastula
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The hollow ball of cells marking the end stage of cleavage during early embryonic development
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Body cavity
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A fluid-containing space between the digestive tract and the body wall
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Body plan
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In animals, the set of morphological and developmental traits that define a group of animal (usually a phylum).
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Cambrian explosion
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A burst of evolutionary origins when most of the major body plans of animals appeared in a relatively brief time in geologic history; recorded in the fossil record about 545-525 million years ago
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Cephalization
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An evolutionary trend toward the concentration of sensory equipment on the anterior end of the body
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Choanoflagellates
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closest living relative to animals |
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Cleavage
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The process of cytokinesis in animal cells, characterized by pinching of the plasma membrane; specifically, the succession of rapid cell divisions without growth during early embryonic development that converts the zygote into a ball of cells
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Coelom
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A body cavity completely lined with mesoderm
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Coelomate
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Animal that possesses a true coelom
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Determinate cleavage
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A type of embryonic development in protostomes that rigidly casts the developmental fate of each embryonic cell very early
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Deuterostome development
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the blastopore becomes the anus
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Diploblastic
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Having two germ layers
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Dorsal
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Pertaining to the back of a bilaterally symmetrical animal
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Ecdysozoan
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Member of a group of animal phyla with protostome development that some systematists hypothesize form a clade, including many molting animals. תולעים נמיות ופרוקי רגליים
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Ectoderm
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The outermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; gives rise to the outer covering and, in some phyla, the nervous system, inner ear, and lens of the eye
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Ediacaran fauna
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Earliest generally accepted animal fossils, dating from about 575 million years ago
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Endoderm
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The innermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; lines the archenteron and gives rise to the liver, pancreas, lungs, and the lining of the digestive tract
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Enterocoelous
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Pattern of formation of the body cavity common in deuterostome development, in which the mesoderm buds from the wall of the archenteron and hollows, forming the body cavity
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Eumetazoan
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Member of the clade Eumetazoa, animals with true tissues (all animals except sponges)
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Gastrula
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The three-layered, cup-shaped embryonic stage
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Gastrulation
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The formation of a gastrula from a blastula
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Germ layers
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Three main layers of an animal
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Grade
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Group of animal species that share the same level of organizational complexity (animals that belong to the same grade are not always monophyletic)
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Indeterminate cleavage
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A type of embryonic development in deuterostomes, in which each cell produced by early cleavage divisions retains the capacity to develop into a complete embryo
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Larva
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A free-living, sexually immature form in some animal life cycles that may differ from the adult in morphology, nutrition, and habitat
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Lophopore
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A horseshoe-shaped or circular fold of the body wall bearing ciliated tentacles that surround the mouth
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Lophotrochozoan
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Member of a group of animal phyla with protostome development that some systematists hypothesize form a clade, characterized by lophophores or trochophore larvae.רכיכות, תולעים טבעתיות ותולעים שטוחות
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Mesoderm
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The middle primary germ layer of an early embryo that develops into the notochord, the lining of the coelom, muscles, skeleton, gonads, kidneys, and most of the circulatory system
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Posterior
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Pertaining to the rear, or tail, of a bilaterally symmetrical animal
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Protostome
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the blastoporebecomes the opening to the mouth
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Pseudocoelomate
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An animal whose body cavity is not completely lined by mesoderm. have pseudocoelom. תולעים נמיות
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Radial cleavage
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A type of embryonic development in deuterostomes in which the planes of cell division that transform the zygote into a ball of cells are either parallel or perpendicular to the polar axis, thereby aligning tiers of cells one above the other
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Radial symmetry
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Characterizing a body shaped like a pie or barrel, with many equal parts radiating outward like the spokes of a wheel; present in cnidarians and echinoderms
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Schizocoelous
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Pattern of formation of the body cavity common in protostome development, in which initially solid masses of mesoderm split, forming the body cavity
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Spiral cleavage
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A type of embryonic development in protostomes, in which the planes of cell division that transform the zygote into a ball of cells occur obliquely to the polar axis, resulting in cells of each tier sitting in the grooves between cells of adjacent tiers
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Triploblastic
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Possessing three germ layers
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Trochophore larva
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Distinctive larval stage observed in annelids and molluscs
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Ventral
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Pertaining to the underside, or bottom, of a bilaterally
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Echinodermata (קווצי עור) |
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chordata (מיתירניים) |
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Mollusca (רכיכות) |
Theonly true protostomes,with a spiral development are the Mollusca, the Annelida and the platyhelminthes. |
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annelida (תולעים טבעתיות) |
The only true protostomes, with a spiral development are the Mollusca, the Annelida and the platyhelminthes. |
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Platyhelminthes (תולעים שטוחות) |
have Pseudocoelomate |