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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Avery’s experiments indicated that the genetic material of a cell is made of
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DNA
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A package of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat is a
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virus
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In their experiment, Hershey and Chase concluded that
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genetic material enters a cell as DNA.
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Each nucleotide in a DNA molecule is composed of
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a sugar called deoxyribose, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group
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Thymine and cytosine are examples of
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nitrogenous bases.
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What kind of bond joins the nucleotides in the backbone of a nucleic acid?
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covalent bonds
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The bases on one strand of DNA are CTAGAAC. The complementary section on the other strand of DNA is
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GATCTTG
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____________________ were the scientists who used X-ray crystallography to photograph DNA, revealing DNA’s helix shape
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Griffith and Avery
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The structure of DNA suggested to Watson and Crick that DNA is copied through
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a template mechanism
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DNA replication produces two new DNA molecules called
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daughter molecules
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DNA replication involves the enzymes called
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DNA polymerases.
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DNA replication occurs ____________________, ensuring that cells in a multicellular organism carry the same genetic information.
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before a cell divides
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The genotype of a eukaryotic organism is determined by
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proteins
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Each gene dictates the production of one
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polypeptide
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Transcription is the process of converting a nucleotide sequence of DNA into
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a single strand of RNA.
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The conversion of a sequence of RNA nucleotides into a sequence of amino acids is called
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translation
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mRNA directs the building of proteins through a sequence of
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codons.
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The codons of mRNA are translated to amino acids by
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transfer RNA.
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Any change in a nucleotide sequence of DNA is called a
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mutation.
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