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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
in studying a species of fish a structure is discovered that has no apparent function. If this is a vestigial structure what would you find in at least some relatives of this fish?
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a similar structure should be present, but it would be larger and have a function.
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which of the following is a somewhat confusing structure found in humans that is best explained by our evolutionary heritage?
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tailbone
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you discover a primate fossil while on an expedition in Africa. which part of the skeleton would you be most interested in examining in order to classify this primate as a human or nonhuman primate?
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the base of the skull
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which of the following was likely required in order for life to originate on earth from nonliving molecules?
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simple molecules present in the early solar system that could assemble into building blocks for complex molecules.
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what starting material would be required to produce simple organic molecules from nonliving materials?
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carbon dioxide(CO2), ammonia(NH4), methane(CH4), and phosphates.
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what aspect of the geology of the galapagos was important in producing the diversity of organisms seen by Darwin?
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the islands are in a chain
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which of the following is an example of biological evolution?
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a species of caterpillar is the same shade of green as the leaves on which it feeds
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in land mammals the pelvic girdle is the point where the leg bones attach to the rest of the skeleton. Whales also have a small pelvic girdle. This would be an example of what type of evidence for common descent?
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a vestigial structure
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how do fossils support the theory of common descent?
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they are a record of at least some intermediate types of organisms and thus document the process of evolution
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which of the following is an example of non evolutionary change in a population?
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an increase in the number of people diagnosed with colon cancer
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which of the following groupings are in order from broadest to most narrow?
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class, family, species
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when a population undergoes strong selection, what happens to it?
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variation decreases and organism become more similar, the most common type of organism is replaced with a different type, the most common type becomes less common, and less common types become more common, the population becomes extinct
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a population of caterpillars feed on the leaves of trees in a forest and is in turn food for birds that eat them off the tree leaves/ given this information, which adaption would be mod likely to evolve?
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caterpillars would evolve to a color that matched the leaves they eat.
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is it possible to prevent bacteria from becoming resistant to antibiotics?
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no: by using antibiotics properly we can slow the rate at which resistance appears.
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which oof the following is the main reason widespread resistance to HIV is not likely to evolve any time soon?
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only a small percentage of people who arent resistance will become infected and die fromHIV
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the weather changes the genes of the oak trees each year
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the genes responsible for color change exist as a number of alleles
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which of the following variations could be subject to natural selection?
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a hyena is born with a spotted fur pattern that allows it to hide in the grass better that littermates.
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in 1980 only 1% to 5% of all staphylococcus aureus isolates were MRSA strains. Now 60% to 70% of S. aureus isolates are MRSA strains. this is an example of
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directional selection of bacteria
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what would happen if a mutation created a new allele that decreased fitness?
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the new allele would decrease the fitness of the individual that possessed it, and that individual would have few or no offspring
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which of the following is the most direct (or first) result of natural selection on a population
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the frequency of some alleles changes
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which of the following plants is the most fit?
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fitness cant be determined without reference to the environment
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human females have a lifespan of over 80 years. however the trait of living for 8 decades is somewhat of a puzzle to evolutionary biologists. why might that be?
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women who live to be 80 dont reproduce more than women who live to be 50
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in a population which individuals are most likely to survive and reproduce?
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the individuals who are best adapted to the environment
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many variants are produced during the long course of an HIV infection. which of these variants would be most fit in the environment of the human body?
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a virus that cant be recognized by the patients immune system
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traits acted on by sexual selection
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sometimes appear to have no relation to fitness
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when geographic isolation occurs, under what conditions might you expect the most rapid speciation?
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when the climate is very different in the two location
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many lines of evidence suggest that human populations arent distinct races. what keeps us so similar even thought adaptations to local conditions have occurred?
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members of different population mate with each other.
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where can you find the most genetically diverse populations of humans?
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africa
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you read that the frequency of a particular disease associated recessive allele is 12% what does that mean?
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for every 100 people there are 12 copies of the allele
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place these categories in the correct order, from most inclusive to least inclusive.
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domain, kingdom, phylum, species.
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there are number of sites around the world that have been made uninhabitable because of chemical pollution in the soil. which group of organisms might be a useful tool in breaking down these toxic compounds?
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fungi
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you work for an insecticide company thats looking for a molecule that will attract wasps into traps. in which kingdom will you look first?
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plants
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how could a molecule from bacteria that causes a persistent infection be useful as a pharmaceutical?
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it could be used to suppress an overactive immune system
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which of the following is true of individuals who are well adapted for particular environment?
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they may or may not be equally fit in another environment
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