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144 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Chlamydomonas |
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Chlamydomonas |
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Chlamydomonas |
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Pandorina |
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Pandorina |
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Gonium |
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Gonium |
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Eudorina |
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Volvox |
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Volvox |
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Characteristics of Chlamydomonas |
Mostprimitive, wide spread green alage. Unicellar, biflagellate. Gametes are isogamous:identical in size and appearance. |
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Characteristics of Gonium |
Simplestof colonial members of volvocineline. 4, 8 16 or 32 cells. Held together by gelatinous matrix in ballshape. Isogamous |
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Characteristics of Pandorina |
16 to32 cells. Ball of cells. Have developed eye spots, larger on cellsone end of the colony. Isogamous |
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Characteristics of Eudorinia |
Sphericalcolony 32, 64 to 128 cells. Cells in colony differ in size. Smallercells on outside and cannot reproduce. Isogamous |
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Characteristics of Volvox |
Sphericalcolony many thousands of cells. Most are vegative only a few are reproductive. Oogamous,female gametes are larger than male gametes which are motile.J |
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What is evidenece of evolution from Chlamydomonas to Volvox |
Volvocine linebegins with Chlamydomonas (single cell) and ends with Volvox ( Colony of cells). Relatedby a common ancestor. They did not evolve from each other. |
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Chlamydomonas |
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Chlamydomonas |
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Eudorina |
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Gonium |
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Pandorina |
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Volvox |
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Why do colonies of Gonium consist of only 4, 8, 16, or 32cells? Why are there no 23-celled colonies? |
Cells typically divide synchronously, resulting in doubling of cell numbers (i.e., 2–4, 4–8, 8–16, etc.). |
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What is the significance of aspecialization at one end of the colony? |
indicates polarity, a characteristic of most evolutionarily advanced organisms |
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What is the significance ofthese structural and functional specializations of Eudorina? |
indicate reproductive specialization, the characteristic of most evolutionary advanced organisms |
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Does the Volvox colony spin clockwise or counter-clockwise? |
both; vaires |
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What is the significance ofthis cytoplasmic network in Volvox ? |
allows for intercellular communication |
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know this |
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What features of Dugesia distinguish its head from itstail? |
eyespots and lateral lobes |
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What is the difference betweeneyes of most animals you are familiar with and the eyespots of Dugesia? |
The eyes of many animals, such as humans, are complex organs with specialized structures, such as a lens, iris, and retina. The eyespots of Dugesia are simply a collection of photosensitive cells. |
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How does the head of Dugesiamove differently from the tail? |
head moves from side to side; tail merely follows |
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Does Dugesia moverandomly or in an apparent direction? |
usually toward edge, crevices, or darkness |
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How is Dugesia adaptedto directional in movement? |
Dugesia are bilaterally symmetrical with sensory structures placed at the anterior end of the organism. |
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How does a flatworm respond when touched with a probe? |
contraction |
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Do the planaria move toward or away from the light? |
away |
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Where is the feeding tube located on planaria? Why is this unusual for bilaterallysymmetrical organisms? |
in the middle of the body; it is usually at the head where sensory organs are abundant |
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Is the gastrovascular cavity of Dugesia a simple sac? How isit divided and what advantage are these divisions? |
no, it is branched; small diverticula, which increase surface area for absorption of nutrients |
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How could being monoecious contribute to the evolutionarysuccess of flatworms in their environment? |
because every individual is able to mate with every other individual, reproductive success of the species as a whole is more likely. |
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Planarians have a head. In biological terms, what constitutes a “head”? |
Has sensory organs (eyespots), have distinctly anterior and posterior ends P |
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How does the shape of thedigestive sac of Opisthorchis comparewith that of Dugesia? |
fluke GVC is tubular while flatworm GVC is lobed |
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How does the position of the mouth of Dugesia and flukes compare? |
The mouth of flukes is terminal. |
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Tapeworms have no digestive system or mouth. How, then, do they obtain food? |
diffusion through the body wall |
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Which proglottids, mature or gravid, occur closest to thescolex? |
mature |
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What is the difference between a mature and gravidproglottid? |
A mature proglottid is prepared for reproduction and a gravid proglottid has already reproduced and is full of eggs. |
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How does the shape of Schistosoma differ from that of otherflukes you have studied? |
Schistosoma is round, not flat. |
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. How does the number of body cavities ofnematodes compare with that of flatworms? |
Nematodes have two cavities (pseudocoel and digestive tract) and flatworms only have a GVC |
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How would you describe themotion of a nematode? |
flipping and bending |
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How is this movement of nematodes related to the movement of their musclelayers? |
They have no circular muscles, only longitudinal and are only capable of bending rather than twisting or constricting like an earthworm. |
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Are any sensory organs evident in Ascaris? Why would this beadaptive? |
no; adaptive because the environment of an endoparasite is consistent and requires less sensing |
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Are choanocytes significant toa fundamental process for sponges? Whatis the process and how are choanocytes significant? |
Choanocytes are fundamental for the sponge to obtain food, which is necessary for growth, maintenance, and reproduction. |
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How do spicules help sponges survive in their environment |
Protection from environment |
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What is the advantage of afolded or convoluted wall in sponges? |
more surface area to filter water |
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What function other thansupport might spicules serve? |
protection |
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Are the cnidocytes significantto fundamental processes for cnidarians? In what ways? |
Cnidocytes are fundamental for cnidarians to capture food, which is necessary for growth, maintenance, and reproduction. |
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How could polymorphismcontribute to the evolutionary success of cnidarians in their environment? B |
y having two different body forms, a single organism is able to utilize two different niches at different stages of its life cycle. |
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How do Hydra respond to a tap on its substrate? |
tentacles contract therefore muscular and nervous tissue must exist |
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What specialized cells oftentacles aid in capturing prey in hydras |
cnidocytes |
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What structures determinewhether a polyp of Obelia is agastrozooid (feeding polyp) rather than a gonozoid? |
presence of tentacles used for feeding |
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Are spicules significant to afundamental process for sponges? In whatway? |
Spicules are the “skeleton” of sponges and help maintain a sponge’s shape and size. This allows them to have more surface area to capture food. |
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How do gonangia obtain theirfood in this colonial organism? |
through a common, tubular gastrovascular cavity |
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Which one is it Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family Genus, or Species Pandorina |
Genus |
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Which one is it Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family Genus, or Species Chlamydomonas |
Genus |
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Which one is it Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family Genus, or Species Gonium |
Genus
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Which one is it Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family Genus, or Species Eudorina |
Genus
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Which one is it Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family Genus, or Species Volvox |
Genus
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Which one is it Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family Genus, or Species Porifera |
Porifera - sponge
Phylum |
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Which one is it Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family Genus, or Species Cnidaria |
Phylum
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Which one is it Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family Genus, or Species Scyphozoa
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Class
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Which one is it Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family Genus, or Species Anthozoa
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Anthozoa is the class belonging in phylum Cnidaria. Anthozoa means anemones and corals |
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Which one is it Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family Genus, or Species Platyhelminthes |
phylum |
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Which one is it Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family Genus, or Species
Nematodes |
phylum |
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pin worm genus and phylum |
phylum: nematoda genus: Enterobios |
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Hook worm genus and phylum |
phylum: Nematoda Genus: Necator |
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Vingear eel genus and phylum |
Nematoda- phylum Turbatrix spiralis -genus and species |
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Ascaris lumbricoides is the genus, what is its phylum |
nematoda |
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Taenia solium and Dibothriocephalus latus |
Both are Tape worm phylum: Platyhelminthes Class: Cestoda Genus and species: Taenia solium and Dibothriocephalus latus |
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Schistosoma |
phylum: Platyhelminthes Class: Trematoda Genus: Schistosoma |
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Chinese liver fluke |
phylum: Platyhelminthes Class: Trematoda Genus: Opisthorchis or Clonorchis |
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Schistosoma |
phylum: Platyhelminthes Class: Trematoda Genus: Schistosoma |
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Dugesia or planaria |
phylum: Platyhelminthes Class: Tubellaria Genus: Dugesia or planaria |
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coral |
phylum: Cnidarias Class: Anthozoa Genus: Tubipora |
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Sea Anemone |
phylum: Cnidarias Class: Anthozoa Genus: Metridium |
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jelly fish or sea jellies |
phylum: Cnidarias Class: Scyphozoa Genus: Aurelia |
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Hydra |
phylum: Cnidarias Class: Hydrozoa Genus: Hydra |
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Gonionemus |
phylum: Cnidarias Class: Hydrozoa Genus: Gonionemus |
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Obelia |
phylum: Cnidarias Class: Hydrozoa Genus: Obelia |
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Portuguese man of war |
phylum: Cnidarias Class: Hydrozoa Genus: Physalia |
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Scypha or Grantia |
phylum: Porifera Genus: Scypha or Grantia |
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Spongia |
phylum: Porifera Genus: Spongia |
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Euplectella |
phylum: Porifera Genus: Euplectella |
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Gonium Colony size specialized cells? reproducion |
Gonium Colony size 4, 16, 32 specialized cells? cells held together in the shape of disk by gelatinous matrix reproducion: isogamous |
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Chlamydomanas Number of Cells specialized cells? reproducion |
Number of Cells one, biflagellated
specialized cells? none reproducion isogamous |
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Pandorina Colony size specialized cells? reproducion |
Colony size 16 or 32 specialized cells? flagella. cells held together by gelatinous matrix larger cells on outside eye spots reproducionisogamous |
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Eudorina Number of Cells Colony size specialized cells? reproducion |
Number of Cells 32, 64, 128 Colony size : sperical. flagellated specialized cells? smaller cells are on the anterior/outside (based on direction of movement) reproducionisogamous |
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Volvox Number of Cells Colony size specialized cells? reproducion |
Number of Cells 1000s (vetegative) Colony size. spherical specialized cells?. flagella reproducion oogamous |
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How do sponges bring food to them? |
Sponges bring water into bodies by beatingflagella of choanocytes |
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Choanocytes |
cells that capture food particles |
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two stages of Cnidaria |
polyp and medussa |
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polyp |
acylindrical stalk is attached to sea floor or other substrate Individual polyps reproduce by budding (formcolonies). Sessile |
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medussa |
free-swimmingstage shaped like bell or umbrella Floats with mouth and feeding tentaclesturned downward Produce egg and sperm and release them to thewater. motile |
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sexual reproduction in cnidarias |
Medussa produces egg and sperm and release them to the water Fertilized egg develops into free-swimminglarva called planula Planula will settle to bottom and develop intopolyp |
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Class Scyphozoa characteristics |
jellyfish, sea jellies Medusa dominates life cycle Individual medusae are either male or female (release sperm or egg) not both |
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ClassHydrozoa characteristics |
hydras, hydroids Polyp dominates life cycle Most are colonial Single planula larva gives rise to a colony of polyps, all interconnected and sharing a gastrovascular cavity Some polyps have tentacles with nematocysts that capture food Other lack tentacles and are specialized for the production of medusae Others are fingerlike and defend colony with nematocysts |
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Class Anthozoa characteristics |
sea anemones, coral sessile solitary and widespread in warm and cold ocean waters have nematocysts covered tentacles |
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Coral Characteristics |
Corals(Cnidarian phyla) – Polyps of corals form a skeleton bysecreting molecules on which they deposit calcium carbonate Endosymbionts with unicellular photosyntheticprotists |
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Characterisitics of Porifera |
asymmetrical bodies without distinctive tissues or organs saclike body. two layers with many pores internal cavity lines with choanocytes |
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Characteristics of Cnidaria |
radially symmetrical soft gelatinous digestive cavity has single opening Tentacles: cnidocytes (stinging cells), nematocysts ( harpoon like structures) Body wall has two cellular layers: ectoderm and endoderm: Between the two is the mesoglea Two body plans polyps and medusa PlanulaLarva( swimming mass of ciliated cells) and ephyra( Immature medusa buds off polyp) |
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Characteristics of Grantia |
Genus: Grantia Phylum: porifera simplest of animal kingdom asymmetrical body plan filter feeding heterotrophs pore in the walls of sponge |
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grantia |
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what is the structure of sponges like |
1.Epithelial Layers 2. Incurrent canals ( open outside) 3. Flagellated canals (open inside) 4.Spongocoel 5. Choancytes( cells line flagellated canals) 6. Osculum:(water exits) 7.Amoebocytes( Can differentiate into other cell types, also make sponge skeleton:three types calcium, silicon or spongincontaining) 8.Spicules:(crystalline skeletal structures) 9. Mesenchyme(gelatinous matrix in sponge wall) |
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sponges external or internal digestion |
internal |
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cross section of grantia |
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wefja;ls |
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fnld |
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Sexual reproduction in sponges |
Sexual reproduction: Choanocytes and Amoebocytes differentiate into gametes Eggs stay in the mesenchyme, trap sperm that is released into water, embryo is then expelled from the sponge. Most sponges hermaphroditic ( produce both eggs and sperm |
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Assexual reproduction on sponges |
Budding and release of gemmules: aggregates of amoebocytes |
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label parts of sponge |
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Four classes of cnidaria |
Hydrozoa,Scyphoza, Anthozoa, and Cubozoa |
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Charcteristics of hydra |
Genus: Hydra 1.Small, fresh water, usually less than 1 cm tall 2. Nomedusa stage |
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hydra |
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hydra |
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hydra |
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hydra |
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stages of cnidarias |
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Hydranths |
feeding polyps of genus obelia and phylum cnidarias |
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Gonangia |
reproductive polyps of Genus: Obelia phylum: cnidarias |
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obelia |
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obelia |
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obelia medusa |
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Characterisitics of Gonionemus |
phylum: cnidaria Class: Hydrozoan Genus: Gonionemus a large medusa Find :velum, mouth, manubrium, gastrovascular cavity, radialcanals, circular canal, gonads and tenticles. |
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gonionemus |
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gonionemus |
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gonionemusa |
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planula |
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schyphistoma |
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strobilia |
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ephyra> |
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Anthozoa |
1.Anemones and corals 2.Largest class more than 6000 species 3.They have no medusa stage Metridium (anemone) Sessile, most of the time but can slide on a film of mucous |
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Anthozoa |
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Anthozoa |
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ClassAnthozoa Genus tubipora |
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Class Anthozoa sea fans |
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Class Anthozoa string coral |
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