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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Osmosis is best defined as the movement of |
Water molecules across a membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of lower concentration |
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What of can pass through a cell membrane most easily? |
Small nonpolar molecules |
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A red blood cell placed in a hypertonic medium will |
Shrink |
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A 5% urea solution is hypotonic to a 10% urea solution. True or false |
true, hypotonic solution concentration of solute in the solution is lower than inside the cell |
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If a cell is placed in an isotonic medium, there will be no net movement of water. True or false |
True, isotonic solution- solute and water concentration are equal on both sides of membrane |
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Simple diffusion is defined as the movement of |
Molecules from an area of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration. |
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When sugar is mixed with water, equilibrium is reached when |
The dissolve sugar molecules are evenly dispersed throughout the solution |
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The rate of diffusion is affected by |
Temperature, size of molecules, and steepness of the concentration gradient. |
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True or false the molecules in a solid lump of sugar do not move. |
False, even as a solid lump the individual sugar molecules are in motion |
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True or false diffusion is one of the processes whereby materials are exchanged between a cell and its environment |
True |
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Facilitated diffusion requires |
Carrier proteins. |
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Facilitated diffusion occurs |
In either direction depending on the concentration gradient of the molecule. |
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Facilitated diffusion is used to transport |
Sugars and amino acids. |
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True or false unlike simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion requires energy expenditure by the cell |
False, the movement is carried out without any input of energy |
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Facilitated diffusion requires a specific transporter for a specific molecule. true or false |
True |
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Solutions |
A solution is a mixture in which the minor component solute is uniformly dissolved within the major component solvent. Water is the only solvent used in your body. |
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Diffusion |
Move from high to low concentration - passive transport - no energy needed |
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What is hypertonic? |
More solute less water Cells placed in hypertonic solution will shrink |
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What is hypotonic? |
Less solute more water Cells placed in a hypotonic solution will swell, rupture, explode |
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What is isotonic? |
Equal solute equal water |
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What is osmosis? |
Diffusion of water from high concentration of water to low concentration of water across a semipermeable membrane |
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"Passive transport" Simple diffusion is |
-Diffusion of hydrophobic (lipids) molecules and gases - high to low concentration gradient |
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"Passive transport" facilitated transport is |
- diffusion of hydrophilic molecules - through a protein channel - high to low concentration gradient |
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Active transport is |
Diffusion against concentration gradient, low to high, uses a protein pump, and requires ATP / energy |