Bio Lab Exam 1

toward or on the front of the body

toward or on the back

Toward the head, away from the tail

inferior

inferior

proximal

distal

superficial

away from the body surface, away from the skin

Where is dorsal cavity located and what cavities does it contain?

Where is ventral cavity located and what cavitites does it contain

What is the serous membrane

A section made parallel to the body's longitudinal axis. Divides body into right and left parts

A section made parallel to the body's longitudinal axis; divides the body into an anterior and posterior part

A section made perpendicular to the body's longitudal axis; divides the body into a superior part and an inferior part

Major organs of integumentary system

What does integumentary system do?

Organs of skeletal system

What does skeletal system do?

Organs of Muscular system

What does skeletal system do

Organs of the nervous system

What does the nervous system do?

Parts of cradio vascular system

What does cardiovascular system do?

Organs of the respiratory system

What does respiratory tract do?

Organs of lymphatic system

What does lymphatic system do?

Organs of the Urinary System?

What does Urinary System do?

Organs of digestive system

What does digestive system do?

Parts of endocrine system

Parts of reproductive system

What does reproductive system do?

This maintains dynamic stability of body's internal enviroment in response to external changes in conditions

Physiological systems work to restore balnce with this fails what results?

What is automatic response in a cell, tissue, or organ to an environmental chanage

Responses controlled by nervous and endocrine systems

In a feedback system this receives a stimulus

In a feedback system this processes signal from receptor and sends instructions

In a feedback system this carries out instructions from control center

To maintain homeostasis the body communicates through ______________ and _____________

The ______________ responds to changes in the enviroment, sends info to control center

The _________ determines set point, analyzes info and determines appropriate response

This _________ provides a means for response to stimuli

A _________ feedback system shuts off the orginal stimulus, reduces intensity

The response of the ____________ negates the stimulus until normal range is achieved

In a ___________feedback system the original stimulus is used to push variable farther

Positive feedback occurs when the respnse of the effector ______________ the stimulus that produced it.

In a positive feedback system the orignial response of the effector is modified in the _____direction aka viscious cycle

What positions is hands at sides, palms forward, feet forward

Lying down, face up

Lying down, Face down

This references anatomical landmars, references palpable structures

Organs in RUQ

Organs In LUQ

Organs in RUQ

Organs in LUQ

This is a 3 dementional axis

This is a slic parallel to a plane

What cavities are located on ventral body cavity

The thoracic and Abdominopelvic cavities are divided by the

Organs of thoracic cavity

organs of abdominopelvic cavity house

Abdominopelvic cavity is divided into 3 seperate cavities

Thoracic cavity is divided into two cavities called

The ______ membrane lines body cavities and covers organs

The internal side of serous membrane is called

The exterior side of membrane is called

There is _____________ between sections of membrane

The upper portion of the _______________ is filled with _______________, ______________, _______________, and _____________.

Lower portion of mediastinum contains ___________ located within the ___________ cavity

Space between visceral and pariteal membranes is called _____________.

This is a chamber within the abdominopelvic cavity___________

The _______________ lines the internal body wall.

The _______________ covers the organs

The superior portion of the abdominal cavity contains the __________

This is the area posterior to peritoneum and anterior to muscular body wall

The retroperitenal space contains what organs

The pelvic cavity is located in the _____ portion of the abomino pelvic cavity and within the ______ bones.

The pelvic cavity contains what organs _________

________ are a collection of cells and cell products that perform specific, limited functions

Four types of tissue

This tissue covers exposed surfaces, lines internal passageways, forms glands

This tissue fills internal spaces, supports other tissues, transports materials and stores energy

This tissue is used for specialized contraction, found in skeletal, heart and hollow organs

This tissue carries electrical signals

A cut in tissues made along direction of organ

A cut in tissue perpendicular to length of organ

A tissue cut at angle between cross and longitudinal section

The Extracellular matrix (ECM) contains

This is a clear, colorous and viscous fluid that fills spaces between cells and slows pathogen movement.

This contains mostly water with adhesion protiens of various typles and polysaccharide molecules and the fibers are produced by the cells

There are two types of epithelia tissues

This tissue consists of layers of cells that cover internal or external surfaces

This tissue covers structures that produce secretions

Glandular epitheal tissue secretes

Epithelial tissue provides protection by

Four characteristics of epithelial tissue

Polarity and attachement of epithelial tissue is found in the _____________.

The ________________ is a layer between an epithelium and the underlying connective tissue, anchors the epithelium to the connective tissue below it.

Th ______ surface of an epithelial cell that faces the basement membrane.

The _______ of an epithelial cell that faces away from the basement membrane.

The ____ Surface is smooth, pleated, micro villi, cilli always apex

Epithelial tissue is avascular meaning

Epithelial tissue regenerates by

In epithelial tissue these permit free diffusion of ions and small Molecules between cells

In epithelial tissue theses attach a cell to extracellular structures such as the protien fibers in the basement membrane.

In epithelial tissue a ______ is fromed by the fusion of the outer layers of two plasma membranes.

These junctions prevent diffusion of fluids and solutes between cells. Prevents sharing of material

The ____ junction contains a continuous _____ belt that lies deep to the tight junction. This belt is tied to ______ of the _______ web.

A ___________ ties adjacent cells together

Three classes of epithelial tissue based on shape.

This epithelia tissue is thin and flat

This type of epithelia tissue is square shapped

This type of epithelia tissue is tall and resembles slender rectangles

Two types of layers of epithelium tissue

________epithelial consists of a single layer of cells.

________ epithelial consists of several layers of cells

This tissue is one layer, named by shape of cells and all cells touch basement membrane

This tissue contains more than one layer, named by shape of apical cells ( ones on top), some cells rest on top of other cells and do not touch basement membrane

Mitosis in epithelial tissue occurs near ______ membrance

This tissue is located in mesothelia lining of pleural, pericardial, peritoneal cavities, lines heart and blood vessels, portions of kidney tubles, inner lining of cornea, aveoli in lungs

This tissue reduces friction, controls vessel permeability (diffusion and filtration) performs absorption and secretion

This type of tissue depends on ability to stretch and return to normal

This type of tissue lines the walls of the intestine, has microville

The surface of the tongue, skin and esphogaus contact _______ tissue

This tissue lines some ducts, provides protection, secretion and absorption

This type of tissue is in small areas of pharynx, epiglottis, anus, mammary glands, salivary gland ducts, and urethra, provides protection

This type of tissue lines the nasal cavity, trachea, bronchi, portions of male reproductive tract, protects, provides secretions, moves mucus with cillia

This tissue contains two layers of cubodial cells and provides protection

This type of tissue contains surface cells that are colmnar, cells underneath vary in size and shape, provides protection

This tissue is rare in human body, found in ducts and glands

Endocrine glands do not contain _______.

These types of glands release hormones into interstitial fluid

The types of glands contain ______.

These glands produce secretions onto epithelial surfaces and through ducts

What glands are found in glandular epithelia

What are the three modes of secretion in gladular epithelia tissue

List glands of secretion from least to most

In __________ secretion, product is released from secretory vesiles at the apical surface of the gland cell by ________.

________ secretion involves the loss of apical cytoplasm, inclusions, secretory vesicles and other cytoplasmic components shed in the process.

In this secretion the gland grows and repairs itself before is releases addition secretions.

The mamary glands involve _________ secretion

The salivary glands involve _________ secretion

In this secretion the superfical gland bursts. In order to continue to secrete the cells must be replaced through mitotic divisionsof underlying stem cells

__________secretion is seen in the ______ gland of hair cells

In glandular epithelia secretons what are the glands called

This gland produces watery secretions

This gland secretes mucins

This gland secretes both serous and mucous

Unicellular gland means

____________ cells are the only unicellar exocrine glands.

These are scattered among epithelia tissue

Ex. intestinal lining

Two types of structures of multicellular glands

Shapes of multicellar glands

Ducts and glandular areas are ______ and share ____ duct.

Intestinal glands are _____ Tubular

Merocrine sweat glands have a _______ shape

Gastric glands, mucous glands of esphogus, tongue and dodenum have what shape glands

These glands not found in adults but found during stagein development

Shape of sebaceous glands

This tissue most diverse, abundant and widely distributed

This tissue connects and is glue and filer of body

Tendons, ligaments, body fat, bones, blood and cartilage are forms of _________ tissue

This tissue provides support for structural frame work, physical protections, binds structures, stores materials, transports materials, provides immune protection and transports lymph fluid

This tissue has specialized cells, solid extracellular protien fibers, fluid extracellular ground substance

The extracellular components of connective tissue make up _______

In connective tissue the _________ contains matrix which is majority of tissue volume and determines sepcialized functions.

Structural components of connective tissue

Cells of ______ depend on type of cell ex. bone, cartilidge, fat

These are elastic fibers, collagen and recticular fibers

This is mixtuer of protiens, carbs, some salts and H20

What comprises the ECM

The _____ is produced by the cells of each connective tissue.

Connective tissue after birth is classfied into three broad categories

All connective tissue starts at __________ level

Connective tissue proper is divided into two categories

This connective tissue contains few fibers and more ground substance

This connective tissue contains more fibers and less ground substance

Areolar, adipose and reticular tissue are considered _______ connective tissue

Regular, irregular and elastic tissue are considered _______ tissue

What are two type of supportive connective tissue

Cartildge contains _______ matrix and bone contains ______ solid

types cartilage connective tissue

Types of bone connective tissue

What is only type of fluid connective tissue

This is first connective tissue to appear in an embryo

__________ is mucous connective tissue taken from umbilical cord of fetus

___________ cells are resident cells that are abundant, flat with tapered ends, produce fiber and ground substance of ecm

_____________are resident cells, fat cells with single large lipid droplet, cell components pushed to one side, store lipid reserves

______ are resident large cells derived from monocytes in blood, reside in ecm after leaving blood, phagocytize foreign materials

______are resident, stellate or spindle shaped embroyic stem cells, divide in response to injury to produce new connective cells

These cells wander, small with granule filled cytoplasm, release histamine and heparine to stimulate local inflammation

These cells wander, small with distinct nucleus drived from activated B-lymphocytes, form antibodies that immobilize foreigh substances, bacteria and viruses

These are wandering cells are mobil phagocytic cells romed from moncytes of the blood, phagocytuize foreign materials

These are wandering cells, white blood cells that enter connective tissue and attack foreign materials or directly combat bacteria

These cells are stationary, maintain and repair extracellular matrix and store materials

These cells move through connective tissue sapces, repair demanged ecm, activate immune response

This loose connective tissue is composed of fibrobalses, lesser amounts of collagen and elastic fibers, has viscous ground substance, binds and is packed around organs of the nerves, vessels and subcutaneous layer

This loose connective tissue contains adipocytes, protects, stores fats, insulates, found in subcutaneous layers, surrounding kidney and other skeletal organs

This loose connective tissue is a meshwork of reticular fibers, forms stroma of lymphatic organs, stroma of spleen, liver, lymph nodes and bone marrow

This dense CT has densley packed collagen fibers parallel to disrection of stress, provides flexability, irregularly clumped togther and projects in all directions, provides tensile stength, found in dermis and organ capsules

This dense CT contains elastic and collagen fibers arranged irregularly, provides framework and supports organs, walls of arteries

Three general types of CT Proper

These fibers of CT proper are long, unbranching, strong, flexible, make up 25% of all protein in human body making collagen the most abundant protien.

These fibers of CT proper are thinner than collagen, stretch easily, branch and rejoin, they allow structures such as blood vessels to stretch and relax

These fibers of CT proper are thinner than collagen fibers, form meshwork like configuration, found in organs with abundant spaces such as liver, lymph nodes and spleen, packing material

The loose connective tissues considered packing materials of body are:

This loose CT found within and deep to dermis of skin, covered by epithelial lining of digestive and respiratory, urinary tracts, between muscles, around joints, blood vessels and nerves

This loose CT cushions organs, provides support but permits independent movement, phagocytic cells provide defense against pathogens

This tissue is deep to skin, found at sides, buttocks and breasts, padding around kidneys and eyes, provides cushioning against shocks, insulates, reduces heat loss and stores energy

This fat is most common, stores fat, absorbs shocks, slow heat loss

This fat more vasularized, adipocytes have many mitochondria, when stimulated by nervous system, fat, breakdown accelerates, releasing energy,absorbs energy from surrounding tissue

This tissue found in liver, kidney, spleen, lymph nodes and bone marrow, provides supports

Three types of dense CT

This CT tissue densely packed, parallel collagen fibers, fibroblast nuclei squeezed between layers of fibers, scarce ground substance

This Dense CT tissue attaches muscle to bone, bone to bone, resists stress applied in one direction

This dense regular CT forms tendons and most ligaments

This Dense CT tissue found in collagen fibers, randomly arranged and clumped together, fibroblasts among fibers, more ground substance than dense regular

This CT withstands stresses applied in all directions, durabel

This CT located in dermis, periosternum, covering bone, perichondrium, covering cartildge and organ capsules

This tissue found between vertebra of spone

This tissue resists forces, keeps things like bladder from over expanding

This found in skeletal muscles, tendons and at deep fascia

This tissue stretches, resilent, found in tissues of lunds, artery walls,

This tissue supports soft tissue and body weight

This supportive CT has gel like ground substance, provides for shock absorption and protection

This supporting CT is calcified, supports weight

Cartalidge cells are called ______ that live in spaces callee ______

Chrondrocytes produe ________Factor

Cartilage is considered ______ diffusion brings nutrients removes waster

This is out layer of cartildge, provides strength, inner layer is cellular layer that provides for growth and maintenance

Three types of cartalidge

_______ cartalidge most common but is also the

_________ and forms fetal skeleton.

_______ cartalidge Found in tips of ribs, bones of sternum, covers surfaces at synovial joints, supports larynx, tracahea, bronchi and forms party of nasal septum

_______ cartalidge provides stiff but somewhat flexible support, reduces friction

_______cartilage found in external ear, epiglotis, auditory canal, cuneiform, cartilages of larynx

This cartilage provides supoprt but tolerates distortion without damage, returns to original shape

This cartalige found in knee joint, between pubic bone, and intervertebral discs.

This cartilage resists compression, prevents bone to bone contact, limits movement

This type of growth is result of chondrocytes increasing cell number by mytosis and amount of matrix within

This type of growth results from osteoprogenitor cells in perichondrium that produce a new layer of cartilage tissue from the outside

This Supporting CT is strong and resists shattering

Bones cells are called

These are arranged around central canals within matrix, small channels through canaliculi accuss blood supply

This covers bone surfaces, fibrous layer and cellular layer

Bone has extensive _______ network where as cartilage is considered _____.

Repair of cartilage is _____ where as repair of bone is ______,

Two types of fluid connective tissue

Blood and lymph CT consist of _____ matrix of dissolved ______.

Cells in blood

ECM in blood consists of

Blood CT transported in

Lymph CT transported in

This fluid CT transports O2 and co2

red blood cells account for about what perecent of whole blood

______ blood cells help defend body against infection

These are phagocytes similar to the free macrophages in other tissues

These are uncommon in blood but are dominant in lymph CT

These are phagocytes

These promote inflamation like mast cells in other ct

These are membrane enclosed packets of cytoplasm that function in blood clotting

This Fluid CT is collected from interstitial space, monitored by immune system, transported by lymphatic system, returned to venous system

This tissue produces all body movement and is speciallized for contraction

Three types of muscle tissue

large body muscles are

This muscle found only in heart

This muscle tissue found in walls of hollow organs, contracting organs, urinary bladder, respiratory, digestive and reproductive tracts

Classification of muscle tissue

This muscle has balanced appearance

This muscle tissue has single or multineucleate nucleus, controlled voluntarily or involuntarily

This muscle long and thin, usually called muscle fibers, do not divid, new fibers produced stem cells

This tissue specialized fro conducting electrical impulses, rapidly senses internal or external enviroment, process information and controls responses

Neural tissue is concentrated in

Two types of neural cells

These are nerve cells that can send and receive messages, perform electrical communication

These nerve cells support cells, repair and supply nutrients to neurons

This part of neuro contains neucleus and nucleolus

This part of neuro has short branches extending from the cell body, receives incoming signals

This part of neuro contains long thin extension of cell body, carries out going electical signals to thier destination

Three parts of neuron

This part of nervous system supports physical structure of tissues, repair tissue framework after injury, perform phagocytosis, provide nutrients to neurons, regulate composition of interstitial fluid

These provide physical barriers, line portion of the body, consiste of epithelium and are supported by connective tissue

Four types of Membranes

Three epithelial membranes

Type of connective tissue membrane

Cutaneous membrane found on

Three layers of cutaneous membrane

This membrane lines passageways that have external connections, found in digestive, urinary, reproductive tracts

this membrane helps epithelial surfaces remain moist, reduces friction and facilitates absorption and excretion

This is found in areolar tissue

This lines cavities not open to outside

This is thin but strong, have fluid transduate to reduce friction

This has a viseral portion (serosa) covering the organs and Parietal portion covering cavity

surface layer of this membrane is of simple sqaumous epithelium

What are the three serous membranes

Lines pleural cavities covers outside of lunds

Lines peritoneal cavity and covers abdominal organs

Lines pericardial cavity and covers heart

These membranes line body cavities close to exterior

These membranes line moving articular joint cavities, produce synovial fluid, protect ends of bones, lack a true epithelim

These tissue provide strength and stability, maintain positions of internal organs, provide routes for blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves

These tissues provide body's framework of connective tissue, layers and wrappings that support or surround orgnas

Three types of fasciae

This fascia is located between skin and underlying organs, areolar tissue and adipose tissue, aka subcutaneous layer or hypodermis

This fascia is bound to capsules, tendons and ligaments, dense connective tissue, forms a strong fibrous internal framework

this is between serous membranes and deep fascia, areolar tissue

Tissue growth is achieved by__________number of cells or _________ in size of cells.

This is tissue growth due to increase in # of cells

This is tissue growth by increase in Size of cells and occurs through exercise

This is called ________ as unspecialized tissues of embryo become specialized mature types ex. Mesenchyme to muscle

This changes tissue from one type of mature tissue to another. ex. simple cuboidal tissue of vagina before puberty changes to stratified squamous after puberty or pseudostratified columnar epithelim of bronchi of smokers to stratified squamous epithelium

This replaces dead or damaged cells with same type of cell as before, restores normal function, involves skin and liver injuries

This results in repair of dense connective tissue, scar tissue, holds organs together but does not restore normal function, seen in cuts, burns, muscle injuries, lungs in TB

Type of wound healing either regeneration or fibrous is dependent on ______________ and _____________

Tissues respond to injuries to maintain

Cells restore homeostatis with what two process

This is first response to tissue injury

Inflammatory response can be triggered by

Swelling, redness, heat and pain are symptoms of what type of response

During process of inflamation, _______ in cell release ______ that destroy the injured cell and attach surrounding tissue

Tissue destruction is called

_________ and __________ accumulate in wound

This is pus trapped in an enclosed area

Injury stimulates mast cells to release

During inflamation blood vessels ___________, _____________ increases causing warmth and redness. This also brings more nutrients and oxygen to the area and removes waste

This diffuses into area causing pain and swelling

These white blood cells clean up area

This begins after injury or infection cleaned up

_________ during regeneration move into necrotic area, lay down collagen fibers, bind area (scar tissue)

______ cells migrate into area or are produced by _______ stem cells

Three events in tissue repair

Tissues that regenerate easily

Tissue that regenerates poorly

Tissues that are replaced largely with scar tissue

The largest system of body

Comprises 16 percent of body weight

Two parts of integument

This membrane contains outer epidermis (skin), superficial epithelim and innder dermis connective tissue

This part originates in dermis, extends through epidermis to skin such as hair, nails, muticellular exocrine glands

This portion of integumentary system provides protection from enviromental hazards, storage of lipids, coordinates immune response to pathogens and cancers in skin

This protects dermis, prevents water loss and entry of pathogens, synthesizes vitamin D3, has sensory receptors that detect touch, pressure, pain and temp

Two parts of cutaneous membrane

This layer of dermis nourishes and supports epiderms

This part of dermis has sensory receptors that detect touch, pressure, pain, vibration, and temp, assists blood vessels in thermo regulation

The accessory structures of integumentary system are:

This protects skull and provides deliecate touch sensations on general body surface

These assist in temperature regulation and waste secretion

These protect and support tips of fingers and toes

This lies below integument, stablizes skin and allows seperate movement

This is made of elastic areolar and adipose tissues, connected to reticular layer of integument by connective tissue fibers

This has few capillaries and no vital organs, site of subcutaneous injections using hypodermic needles

This consists of stratified squamous epithelium

The stratum basale is located under

The __________ is attached to epidermis in wavy pattern

wavy pattern of basement membrane called

The ______ are located between basement membrane and dermis

Layers of epidermis

This consists of multiple layers of flattened dead interlocking keratinocytes, water resitant not water proof, permits slow water loss by insensible perspiration, Top-first layer of epidermis

This is 2nd layer from top of epidermis, appear as glassy layer in thick skin only

This is 3rd layer from top of epidermis, contains keratoycoyets, keratin fibers develop become thinner anf later, gradually the plasma membranes thicken, the organelles desinegrate and cells die

This is 4th layer from top contains keraitinocytes that are bond by desmosomes

This is 5th layer from top, deepest, basal layer, attachment to basement membrane, contains basal (stem) cells, melanocytes, tactile (merkle ) cells

_________ is sweat through sweat glands

_________ is sweat through skin tissue

This layer contains nerve fibers in skin control that involve blood flow, gland secretions sensory receptiors

Tactile corpuscles located in ___________

Deep pressure and vibration located in _______ layer and contain lamellated corpuscles

These are produced by mitosis of stem cells in stratum basale or in deepest part of stratum spinosum.

New Keratinocytes push ____ ones toward surface

Over time keratinocytes _______ to produce more keratine and membrane coatings

It takes how many days for keratinocyte to make its way to surface and flake off

Exfoliating keartinocytes is _____ in old age and ____ when skin is injured or stressed

Calluses or corns on hands or feet are accumulations of dead

This type of perspiration is result of interstitial fluid evaporated thru stratum corneum

This type of perspiration relases water by sweat glands and can cause dehydration from damage to stratum corneum from burns and blisters or from immersion in hypertonic solution such as seawater

This comes from immersion in hypotonic solution of fresh water and causes swelling of epithelial cells on palms and soles of feet

Skin color influenced by what two pigments

This pigment is orange-yellow, found in orange veges, accumulates in epidermal cells and fatty tissues of dermis and can be converted into vitamin A

This pigment is yellow-brown, produced by melanocytes in stratum basal, stored in transport vesicles called melanosomes, transferred to keratinocytes

These produce and store melanin

These contain melanin that protect from sun damage, UV radiation and colors skin

Skin color that is blue due to lack of oxygen

Skin color that is reddened due to increased blood flow

Skin that is pale due to decreased blood flow

Milky white skin, blue grey eyes due to genetic lack of mealnin synthesizing enzyme

Yellowing due to bilirubin in blood

Bruising or clotted blood under skin

What cells in presence of UV radiation produce Cholecalciferol aka vitamin D3

What converts Vitamin D3 to calcitriol that aids in absorption of calcium and phospurus

Insufficient vitamin D3 can cause

Epidermal growth factor EFG is produced by

This is powerful peptide growth factor

This is used in labs to grow skin grafts

This promotes division of germ cells, accelerates keratin production, stimulates epidermal repair and glandular secretion

Dehydration, age, hormonal changes and UV exposure cause

This is result of thickened tissue from excessive stretching due to pregnancy and weight gain

These are collagen and elastic fibers in the dermis that are arranged in parallel bundles and resist force in a specific situation

These establish important patterns

ex. parallel cut remains shut and heals well or a cut across right angle pulls open and scars

Located in dermis and is a network of arteries along the reticular layer

Located in dermis and form capillary network from small arteries in papillary layer

Located in dermis and allow capillary return deep to the papillary plexus

Damage to blood vessels resultin in black and blue bruising

Bleeding occurs right after injury and mast cells trigger inflammatory response this is ______ in repair of skin

After several hourse scab forms, cells of stratum germinativum and phagocytic cells remove debris, circulation enhanced, clots around primary edges of region are _____ step in skin repair

After week scab has undermined epidermal cells, and phagocytic activity has almost end this is _____ step in skin repair

After several weeks scab sheds and a shallow depression is left at sight of injury but fibroblasts will continue to create scar tissue. this is step ____ in skin repair

these produce scar tissue that strengthens scar, a raised keloid may also form

The only parts of human body that dont have hair are

Functions of hair

This is fine, downy, unpigmented hair that appears on fetus last three months of development

This is coarser and more heavily pigmented hair found on eyebrows, eyelashes, hair of scalp, forms after puberty and some mail facial hair

straight hair has _____ texture

wavy hair has _______ texture

curly hair has ______ texture

Hair color dependent on _________ granules in cells of cortex

This is located deep in dermis, produces non living hairs, base surrounded by sensory nerves (root plexus)

This is under neuro control, involuntary smooth muscle, causes hair to stand up and produces goose bumps

These lubricate hair and control bacteria

Two regions of hair

The is lower part of hair attached to integument

This is upper part of hair not attached to integument

Hair production beings at base of _______ deep in dermis

This contains hair capillaries and nerves

This _________ produces _______ and contains layer of dividing cells, produces hair structure and p ushes hair up out of skin

Three parts of hair shaft structure

The central core of hair shaft

The middle layer of hair shaft

The surface layer of hair shaft

As hair is produced it is ______________

Medulla contains flexible and soft

The Corex and cuticle shaft of hair contain

The skin on which the nail plate rests

The clear, kearatinized portion of the nail

The proximal end of a nail, underlying the nail fold

The major portion of the nail plate overlying the nail bed

The portion of the nail plate that extends beyond the end of the digit

The epithelium of the nail bed

The fold of skin around the margins of the nail plate

The groove where the nail fold meets the nail plate

Dead epidermis that covers proximal end of nail commonly called cuticle

The growth zone of nail (mytotic tissue) at proximal end of nail corrsponding to the stratum basal of epidermis

The region at base of nail that appears as mall white crescent because it overlies a thick stratum basale that obscures dermal blood vessels from view

Cutaneous glands

Sweat glands that are part of cuetaneous glands

This cutaneous gland performs evaporative cooling, widely distributed over the body surface, open by ducts onto the skin surface

This cutaneous gland functions as scent glands, found in regions that cover pubic, axillar, male facial hair open ducts

This cutaneous gland is an oil gland within hair folicles

This cutaneous gland is located in ear canal and producers wax

This cutaneous gland produces milk

Sebaceous and apocrine sweat glands are controlde by the ________________ that works simultaneously over entire body

These glands are controlled independently and sweat occurs locally

The main function of sensible perspiration, works with cardiovascular system, regulates body temp.

This is result of abnormal cell mass

Two classification of cancer

Most common type of cancer

Three types of skin cancer

This kind of cancer most common, seldomly metastesizes, arises in basal stratum, small shiny bump with central deprssion and beaded edges

This type of skin cancer arises from keratinocytes of stratum spinosum, metastasizes to lymph nodes, lesions on scap, ears, lower lip back, recovery good with early detection

This type of skin cancer arises from melanocytes, can be removed if caught early, but if metatizes is fatal, highest in men, redheads, people who had severe burn as child

In this kind of burn only epidermis is damaged, skin red swollen

In this burn epidermis and upper dermis damaged skin red with blisters

In this burn entire skin layer destroyed, burned area painless, burn is gray-white or black

This method divides body in 11 areas, that each represent about 9 percent of burned area

If 25% of body burned with 2nd degree burn, or 10% of body with 3rd degree burn or there are 3rd degree burns on face, hands or feet it is considered a

Epidermal thinning, decreased dendritic cells, vitamin d3 production, melanocyte activity, glandular activity, blood supply, hair folicles, elastic fibers of skin, decreased hormone levels and slower repair rate are result of