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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Why is the vascularization of the nasal cavity important?
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the increased blood supply in the nasal cavity warms and moisturizes air as it passes into the respiratory system
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When the tension in your vocal fols increases, what happens to the pitch of your voice?
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the pitch gets higher
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Why is the lining of the nasopharynx different from that of the oropharynx and the laryngopharynx?
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the nasopharynx only receives air, the other 2 receive food so they need more protection from abrasion and chemical wear
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Why are the cartilages that reinforce the trachea C-shaped?
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they are C-shaped to allow room for esophogeal expansion (large pieces of food or volumes of water)
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What would happen to the alveoli if surfactant were not produced?
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they would collapse because of surface tension, surfactant decreases surface tension
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What path does air take in flowing from the glottis to the respiratory membrane?
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larynx, trachea, pimary bronchus, bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchiole, respiratory bronchiole, alveolar duct, alveolar sac, alveolus and respiratory membrane
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Which arteries supply blood to the conducting portions and respiratory exchange surfaces of the lungs?
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conducting-external carotids, thyrocervial trunks, bronchial arteries
exchange surfaces-pulmonary arteries |
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List the functions of the pleura. What does it secrete?
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secrete pleural fluid, prevents friction during breathing
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Puncturing the left side of the lung will cause what?
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lung could collapse because of air getting into the cavity (pneumothorax)
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In pneumonia, fluid accmulation in the alveoli would affect vital capacity. How?
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it would decrease
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Surfactant
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helps prevent the alveoli from collapsing
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Air moves into the lungs because
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the gas pressure in the lungs is less than atmospheric pressure
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When the diaphragm and externam intercostal muscles contract
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intrapleural pressure decreases
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Why would breathing dry air all night cause a stuffy nose in the morning?
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water leaves the mucus to moisturize the air as it goes into the lungs, leaving mucus dry and congesting the nasal cavity
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Which structures are in the upper vs lower respiratory system?
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upper-nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and phaynx
lower-larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli of lungs |
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What are the 3 basic steps of external respiration?
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1-pulmonary ventilation (breathing)
2-gas diffusion across respiratory membrane 3-storage and trasnport of 02 and c02 |
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Why is breathing through the nasal cavity more desirable than breathing through the mouth?
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nasal cavity warms, cleanses, and moistens air while the mouth does not
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Why are bronchioles sometimes compared to arterioles?
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smooth muscle tissue walls
dilation & constriction affects amount and distribution of air/blood |
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How are septal cells involved with keeping the alveoli from collapsing?
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they secrete surfactant which reduces surface tension
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Why does Hb release more O2 when skeletal muscles are active vs when they are at rest?
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active muscles create more heat and acidic wastes which causes low pH, more heat and lower pH causes Hb to drop off more O2
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How would blockage of the trachea affect blood pH?
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more CO2 in the blood causes more H ions, lowering pH
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What is different in fetal Hb than maternal Hb?
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fetal Hb has higher affinity for O2, and binds more O2 than maternal Hb
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By what 3 mechanisms is CO2 transported in the blood stream?
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formation of bicarbonate by conversion to carbonic acid
binds to Hb dissolves in plasma |
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The process of internal respiration does NOT involve
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hemoglobin binding more O2(that is part of external respiration)
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Gas exchange at the respiratory membrane is efficient because
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partial pressure differences
gases are lipid soluble AND total surface area is large |
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Primary bronchi blockage would do what to the oxygen-hemoglobin saturation curve?
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Move it to the right-more CO2 would cause lower pH, which lowers percent of Hb saturation
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An umbilical cord blood sample with high O2 and low CO2 levels came from an umbilical artery or vein?
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vein-umbilical veins carry O2 rich blood from mom to fetus
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What effect does exciting the pneumotaxic centers have on respiration?
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pneumotaxic centers inhibit inspiratory center and apneustic center- stimulation would result in shorter breaths and a more rapid rate of breathing
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Are peripheral chemoreceptors as sensitive to levels of CO2 as they are to levels of O2?
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more sensitive to CO2 levels
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What happens if you try to hold your breath until you die?
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CO2 levels increase, stimulates inspiratory center, forces you to breath again
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What happens during birth to a baby's cardiovascular system?
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lungs expand, pulmonary vessels dilate, blood starts flowing through the pulmonary circuit
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An increase in the CO2 partial pressure in arterial blood causes chemoreceptors to stimulate the respiratory centers, resulting in
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an increased respiratory rate
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What is the functional difference between the dorsal respiratory group DRG and ventral respiratory group VRG of the medulla oblongata?
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DRG- affects diaphragm and external intercostals, active during EVERY breathing cycle (quiet or forced)
VRG-only during forced, active exhalation and maximal inhalation (accessory respiratory muscles) |
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Why would someone with emphysema stop breathing if given pure oxygen?
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their constantly high CO2 levels cause the chemoreceptors to become used to it and rely on O2 levels to control breathing rates, pure O2 caused them to send out fewer "breath" signals
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Why would someone who hyperventilated then jumped into a pool pass out?
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hyperventilation causes low CO2, which increases pH, which causes peripheral vasodilation (less venous return to the heart), causes lower cardiac output, lower O2 to the brain
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Why doesn't anemia affect breathing rates?
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anemia only affecs Hb and oxygen transportation, as long as CO2 levels are okay your system doesn't change
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