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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Glycoprotein Coat |
Created by carbohydrates associated with membrane-bound proteins. |
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Phospholipids in Membrane |
Move rapidly in plane of membrane through simple diffusion. |
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Lipid Rafts |
Small collections of similar lipids with or without associated proteins that serve as attachment points for other biomolecules. Serve a role in signaling. |
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Flippases |
Assist in the transition or flip of lipids between layers. |
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Micelles |
Monolayered vesicles |
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Liposomes |
Bilayered vesicles |
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Transmembrane Proteins |
Proteins that pass completely through the lipid bilayer. |
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Embedded Proteins |
Proteins that are associated with only the interior or exterior surface of the cell membrane. |
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Membrane-Associated (Peripheral) Proteins |
Proteins bound through electrostatic interactions with the bilayer, such as rafts, or to other transmembrane/embedded proteins. Includes transporters, channels, and receptors. |
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Cell Adhesion Molecules (CAMs) |
Proteins that allow cells to recognize each other and contribute to proper cell differentiation and development. |
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Gap Junctions/Connexons |
Allow for direct cell-cell communication. Formed by alignment and interaction of pores composed of six molecules of connexin, making a spiral pie door. |
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Tight Junctions |
Prevent solutes from leaking into intercellular space via the paracellular route. Found in epithelial cells, and function as physical links between tissue. |
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Desmosomes |
Bind adjacent cells by anchoring to their cytoskeletons. Formed by interactions between transmembrane proteins associated with intermediate filaments inside adjacent cells. Found in interface between epithelial tissues. Hemi form attaches epithelial cells to underlying membranes. |
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Simple Diffusion |
Passive transport where substrates simply move down their concentration gradient directly across membrane. Only barrier is those particles able to cross such a membrane. |
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Osmosis |
Specific kind of passive transport concerning water, based on concentration. Hypotonic when concentration of solutes inside cell is higher than surroundings, and hypertonic when vice versa. |
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Osmotic Pressure |
A colligative property (dependent on concentration of dissolved particles but not chemical identity). Uppercase pi = iMRT, where pi equals pressure, i equals van't Hoff factor (number of particles obtained from a single molecule when put in solution), M equals molarity, R equals ideal gas constant, T equals temperature in Kelvins. |
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Facilitated Diffusion |
Type of passive transport where molecules impermeable to a membrane require an integral membrane protein to serve as a transporter. Carriers are only open to one side (revolving door), channels have an open or closed conformation and are exposed to both sides (like a tunnel). |
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Primary Active Transport |
Type of active transport that uses ATP or another energy molecule to transport molecules across membrane, typically with the use of a transmembrane ATPase. |
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Secondary Active/Coupled Transport |
Active transport that uses energy molecules to transport molecules, but does not involve direct coupling to said molecule. Harnesses energy of another particle going down electrochemical gradient to power it's symport/antiport funnel. |
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Pinocytosis |
Type of endocytosis where fluids and dissolved particles are engulfed by cell. |
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Phagocytosis |
Type of endocytosis where large solids are ingested by cell. |
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Membrane Potential (Vm) |
Use Nernst equation to calculate membrane potential from intra/extracellular concentrations of ions, where R is ideal gas constant, T is temperature, z is charge of ion, F is Faraday constant. |