Biology 1- Midterm Review

The study of interactions between organisms and their environment.

Full range of physical and biological conditions in which an organism lives and the way the organism uses those conditions (it's "job")

Makes their own food

The are where an organism lives, including the biotic and abiotic factors that affect it.

Eat other organisms

Help the decay process.

Makes there own food

Makes food via photosynthesis.

Makes food via chemosynthesis.

Energy comes from other organisms.

The living factors that influence an ecosystem.

The non living forces that influence an ecosystem.

The final stage of succession when the dominant plant species replace r themselves.

Both organisms benefit

One benefits other is harmed

One is benefited and the other is neither harmed or benefits.

A long term relationship between 2 organisms of different species

The maximum size a population can reach without environmental resistance.

All of the factors that prevent a population from reaching its biotic Potential.

A factor that affects the size of a population regardless of the population density. Typically abiotic.

Amy factor influencing population regulation that had a greater impact as population density decreases.

Only eats pants

Eats both plants and animals

Eats only meat

a large naturally occurring community of flora and fauna occupying a major habitat, e.g., forest or tundra.

regions of the surface, atmosphere, and hydrosphere of the earth (or analogous parts of other planets) occupied by living organisms.

the number of people, other living organisms, or crops that a region can support without environmental degradation.

a state in which opposing forces or influences are balanced.

individuals of different species compete for the same resource in an ecosystem

same species compete for limited resources.

states that two species that compete for the exact same resources cannot stably coexist.

Coldest biome, very dry, permanent frost, only small plants, no trees, caribou, artic fox, pika, snow owl, polar bears

Cold winter, mild summer, continuous coniferous forest, poor soil, all evergreens, moose, lynx, bear, snowshoe nare, wolverine, eagles, wolves

Similar temp all year round, wet wet, red woods, sequoias, squirrels, owls

Warm and relatively dry, very few trees, thick rich soil, "breadbasket", grass, buffalo, deer, prong horned antelope, cayote, rattle snakes

Alternation between wet and dry seasons, hot and relatively dry, huge herds migrate for food, grass, acai, wildebeest, zebras, cape buffalo, elephant, Hyannis, Lyons, giraffes, rhinos, antelopes, cheetah

Very hot and dry, less than 10 inches of rain per year, hot days cool nights, difficult place to live, grass, shrubs, Canada, Hamel, Bilby, prairie dogs, Turtles, Jack Rabbit, burrowing owl comma side window

200 - 300 inches of rain per year, hot and humid, Port Royal, most diverse, Burns, deciduous trees, Vines, snakes, Olaf, frogs, crocodile, tucan, Jaguar, monkey

Bergmann's rule, short hairy legs, counter-current blood exchange, feeding generalist, thick layer of blubber

Nocturnal Behavior, excrete concentrated urine, waterproof skin, large ears, burrows

Fish, insects, few mammals

Olfactory sense of smell Kama piloting animals use landmarks for navigation, orientation animals can detect Compass Direction and travel in a straight line, navigation involves determining position relative to others

Life-forms beginning from rock or lava

Life forms typically coming back from already made space

Litter layer- non-living stuff over the forest floor and mostly decayed organic matter, herbalaire - dominated by herbaceous soft stemmed plants like grasses ferns wildflowers Etc- gets a little light especially in forest with that fit canopy Kama shrub layer - Woody vegetation that grows close to the Ground - things like brambles grow where there is enough light Kama understory layer - immature trees and short trees - shelter for lots of animals - when gaps in the canopy understory trees will often grow to fill in gaps, canopy layer - uppermost layer formed by Treetops - thick covering that Shades the floor

Pyramid of energy - producers - first order consumers - second-order consumer - third order Kama pyramid of numbers - producers - first order consumers - second-order consumers 2 - third order consumers, pyramid of biomass - mass of producers - first order consumer rooms - second-order consumers - third order consumer

Both organisms benefit - monkey and beer, crab and anemones

One benefits other is harmed - fleas and monkeys, bumble bees and mites

When is benefited and other is neither harmed nor benefits - crab and worm

J-shaped curve, short lives, smaller size, large cup size, short just station., little parental care, mice, rabbits, insects

S shaped curve, long lives, larger body size, small clutch size, long gestation period comma extensive parental care, kangaroos, elephant, gorillas

Evaporation - heated water changes from liquid to a vapor from gas, transpiration - water that plants absorb through their roots are evaporated through the pores in their leaves, condensation - water vapor in the air condenses back into a liquid, precipitation - water that falls to the ground as rain snow sleet Etc Kama runoff - the portion of precipitation on land that ultimately reaches streams or other bodies of water

Sugar photosynthesis from Plants to CO2 respiration or decompensation from decompensation to oil gas to greenhouse gases

Excretion / decay 2 NH3 ammonia to bacteria to no.2 nitrate two atmospheric nitrogen through gentrification to nitrogen fixation or lightning or two nitrogen fixation for bacteria

Birth plus immigration minus deaths plus emigration

A factor that affects the size of a population regardless of the population density - 1. Habitat destruction, too. Weather, three. Human activity

Any Factor influencing population regulation that has a greater impact as population density increases- 1. Disease, too. Stress, three. Predation, four. Competition

Carp, Wild Horses, English sparrow, zebra mussel, Norway rat common nutria, fire ants, Japanese maple

Two wolves fighting over a deer

A snake and a dog fighting over a rabbit

Molecular weight is the mass of one molecule common units are atomic mass units, molecular weight of one molecule -Ba2No3No3=

100 degrees Celsius or 212 degrees Fahrenheit

0 degrees Celsius or 32 degrees Fahrenheit

When water evaporates, it removes heat from the surface comma examples are sweating or the wind chill effect

Equal sharing of electrons

Transfer of electrons

0 - 14, 7 equals neutral, 0 - 7 equals acid, 7 - 14 equals space, for there from 7 the stronger the acid or base

Food web, it shows every way that energy can be exchanged

Carbohydrates lipids proteins and DNA slash nucleic acids

The uses for energy, sugars and starches comma examples baked potatoes rice bread pasta

Simple sugars, functions are quick instant energy, examples glucose galactose and fructose

Quick energy examples sucrose table sugar, lactose or dairy products, maltose or Whoppers candy

Long-term energy released on an as-needed basis examples starch

Are usually fats or Oils, functions include isolation, Store water, stores energy, make up cell membranes

C6H12O6

C12h22o11

Reactants are C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 equals the products which are c6h22o11 + H2O

C12h22o11 + H2O equals C6H12O6 + C6H12O6

Made of three atoms carbon hydrogen and oxygen

Build and repair cells, fight infection, provide some energy, transports substances through cell, help cells move, allows things in and out of cell, help speed up chemical reactions and enzymes, protection for hair and nails

No double bonds between carbons, solid at room temperature Kama most harmful to humans, and not soluble in water, animal facts

One double bond between carbons, liquid at room temperature, second most harmful, slightly soluble in water, olive oil peanut oil and canola oil

More than one double bond between carbons, liquid at room temperature, least harmful common vegetable oil fish oil sunflower seed oil

Temperature permanently Alters the enzymes shape and makes it less effective

PH can change the shape of the enzyme. But if the pH returns to normal the enzyme shape returns 2

1

Two

Three

4

The two leading scientists of the discovery of DNA, they understood what a nucleotide is, what is bronze too,

Took x-ray diffraction photographs of DNA

The study of hereditary Improvement of the human race by controlled selective breeding

Obtain a DNA fingerprint from a biological sample and compare this to profile from a crime scene

An attempt to map out all the genes in the human body

The insertion of a human gene into a loop of bacteria called a plasmid

An exact replication of a gene

Occurs in the nucleus, turns DNA into mRNA

MRNA made by transcription is decoded by a ribosome to produce an amino acid chain in cytoplasm

To carry the genetic info from the DNA to the ribosome

To carry the amino acid to the ribosome

To form a peptide bond

3 billion

TRNA

MRNA

MRNA

Francis start codon and forms a peptide bond between the first two amino acids

DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid, RNA is ribonucleic acid

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