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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Nucleotides |
DNA and RNA are polymers of nucleotides |
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Each nucleotides contains |
sugar, phosphate, and base |
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what forms the backbone for the nucleotides |
sugars and phosphate |
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DNA
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Deoxyribose as sugar
Adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine as basses double stranded in eukaryotes- always with proteins |
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RNA |
Ribose as sugar
Adenine. cytosine, guanine, and uracil as bases copied from DNA single or double stranded |
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DNA History |
knew about genetic material but not structure
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who work on the figuring our DNA structure |
Pauling, Wilkins, Franklin, Watson and Crick |
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Who figured our about sugar phosphate backbone |
Franklin |
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who figured out how bases paired up
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Watson and Crick |
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DNA srtucture |
double helix
rope ladder twisted each side of the ladder is a long string of sugar/phosphate/nitrogenous bases strung together |
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The rungs in DNA |
one side nitro base with other side nitro base
A with T G with C |
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The rungs in RNA |
A with U G with G |
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Base pairing |
during DNA replication, one strand is served as template new strand is made and end the end : duplication DNA 1/2 old, 1/2 new Called semiconserative model |
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DNA replication 1 |
requires a dozen enzymes of proteins starts at orgin of replication copying done by polermerase 3 to 5 inch direction on the DNA strand being copied |
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DNA replication 2 |
two halves of DNA copied in a different way one is discontinues and one ins continous DNA polymerase on discontinous strand goes to 3-5 makes pieces, than releases, re-binds, repeats |
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DNA replication steps 1 |
enzymes breaks bonds between bases
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DNA replication steps 2 |
nucleotides of each side of the ladder are now exposed |
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DNA replication steps 3 |
The strand same as templates(both of them)
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DNA replication steps 4 |
DNA polymerase adds them, one by one, to each strand following the rules of base pairing |
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DNA replication steps 5 |
Starts at the 3' end of stand(the template ) |
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DNA replication steps 6 |
Addition moves toward 5' end ( of the template strand) |
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DNA replication steps 7 |
When reaches end of template DNA polymerase releases DNA |
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DNA replication facts |
pretty fast 50 nucleotides added per second error rate: 1 for every billion added proof reading- DNA polymerase checks for error |