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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Testes |
male gonads which produce sperm and testosterone. |
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Scrotum |
the sac in which the testes are supported, hanging outside the body and underneath of the penis. |
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Seminiferous tubules? |
3 coiled tubes within each testicle in which sperm is produced. |
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Epididymis? |
the tubular storage sac on top of each testicle where sperm mature. |
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Vas deferens? |
the tube that carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra. |
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Acrosome |
the head of the sperm cell which contains enzymes to penetrate the egg cell barrier. |
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Spermatogenesis |
the process of the development of sperm which includes meiosis. |
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Penis |
the male sex organ that becomes erect in intercourse |
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Interstitial Cells |
the cells that lie between the seminiferous tubules and produce testosterone. |
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Sertoli Cells |
the cells in the seminiferous tubules that regulate spermatogenesis. |
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Semen |
the ejaculate from the penis that includes sperm and other secretions. |
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Seminal fluid |
non semen part of sperm that nourishes (fructose) and protects sperm. |
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Seminal Vesicles |
organs that join to the vas deferens and produce secretions that feed and give sperm energy (seminal fluid). |
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Prostate Gland |
and organ that surrounds the upper urethra that produces an alkaline fluid to protect sperm from the vagina's acidity. |
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Cowper's Glands |
pea-sized organs that produce pre-ejaculate. |
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Urethra |
tube that urine or semen exit the body through. |
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Testosterone |
male sex hormone that promotes spermatogenesis, secondary sex characteristics. |
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FSH |
Released by the Anterior Pituitary in response to GnRH to promote spermatogenesis by taking up testosterone. Stopped by Inhibin. |
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LH |
stimulates the Interstitial cells to release testosterone. |
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Ovaries |
female gonads that produce eggs and sex hormones. |
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Fallopian Tubes (Oviducts) |
cillia lined tubes that transport eggs to uterus, site of fertilization. |
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Uterus |
thick walled organ where fetus develops. |
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Cervix |
opening of the uterus from the vagina. |
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Vagina |
serves as birth canal and recieves penis during intercourse. |
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Follicles |
sac like structures in the ovary that contain about 400000 egg cells. |
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Oocyte |
immature egg cells. |
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Zona Pellucida |
mucoprotein that surrounds the secondary oocyte. |
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Ovulation |
release of the secondary oocyte from the ovary once per month. |
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Corpus Luteum |
a follicle cell that has released its egg, produces progesterone and estrogen. |
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Clitoris |
small, erectile organ above urethral opening. |
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Hypothalamus |
part of brain that controls the release of sex hormones, including GnRH. |
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FSH |
hormone released by the anterior pituitary that causes follicle development. |
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Semen composition |
semen is composed of sperm (semeniferous tubules) and secretions from the prostate gland (antiacid), cowper's gland (lubricant) and seminal vesciles (fructose). |
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Testosterone production |
Interstitial cells produce testosterone in response to LH. |
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Testosterone makeup |
Testosterone is a steroid hormone, which means it is lipid soluble and a descendant of the steroid hormone cholesterol. |
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Sperm travel order |
(FSH) Seminiferous tubules, epididymis, vas deferens, urethra, penis. |
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Sperm Head |
Contains the male's 23 chromosomes. |
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Sperm Acromsome Cap |
Contains enyzmes that break through the egg cell barrier. |
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Sperm Mid-piece |
Contains mitochondria that give the sperm energy . |
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Sperm Tail |
Flagellum that propels the sperm by a whipping motion. |
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Spermatogenesis Feedback Loop |
-GnRH release from low Inhibin levels -Anterior Pituitary (AP) releases FSH and LH -LH causes testosterone production in Interstitial cells -FSH causes testosterone absorption, increases sperm count and Inhibin. -Inhibin high levels feedback to hypothalamus and AP to release less. |
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Female Feedback Loop |
-After menstruation, low levels of hormones are detected by the hypothalamus, releases GnRH. -AP releases FSH and LH -FSH causes development off egg+ follicle cells, which release more estrogen Increasing estrogen causes a spike in LH, where the egg bursts out of the ovary. -Remaining cells form the corpus luteum (CL) and release estrogen and progesterone. -High progesterone levels turn off LH, causing CL to disintegrate. |
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Female Feedback Loop with Fertiliziation |
- A fertilized egg begins dividing, and implants itself in the endometrium, releasing HCG, which temporarily maintains the corpus luteum. -The placenta develops and makes its own estrogen and progesterone, stopping menstruation. -After 9 months, pressure on the cervix causes nerve impulse to the hypothalamus. This causes relaxin to act on cervix and pelvic bone and oxytocin to make contractions until birth. |
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Embryonic Development Cleavage |
-Zygote to Morula (2-4-8-16) Cells do not grow so they decrease in size -Cleavage continues until the ova is the size of an adult organism. -Morula forms blastual with fluid inside |
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Embryonic Development Growth |
When the embryo cell start to grow before dividing, blastula changes shape (gastrulation) Cells IMPLODE to make: -ectoderm (skin, hair, brain, nervous system) -mesoderm (skeletal, muscular, circulatory, excretory, reproductive) -endoderm (organ lining, lungs, glands, liver) |
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Embryonic Development Differentation |
DNA turns off and on certain segments so certain protein structures are produce, creating specialized cells. |