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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Charles Darwin/Alfred Russell Wallace
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1. proposed the concept of natural selection as a mechanism for evolution, as a way to explain the great variety of living things
2. observed that organisms produce more offspring than can possibly survive and some offspring are more likely than others to survive and reproduce 3. these characteristics would tend to become more prevalent in the population in future generations |
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Artificial Selection
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selection conducted under human direction; intentional breeding for certain traits or combinations of traits
-synonymous with selective breeding |
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natural selection
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process by which traits enhance survival and reproduction are passed on more frequently to future generations than those that do not, altering the genetic makeup of populations through time
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directional selection
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selections that drive a feature in one direction rather than another (larger or smaller, faster or slower)
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stabilizing selection
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produces intermediate traits that preserve the status quo
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disruptive selection
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traits diverge from their starting condition in two or more directions
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genetic variation
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combination of parents genes through sexual reproduction where genetic material is mixed or recombined so that a portion of each parent's genome is included in the genome of the offspring
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speciation
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the process by which new species are generated.
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How does speciation occur?
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many different ways, but most biologists consider the amin mode to be:
allopatric speciation |
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Allopatric speciation
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species formation due to the physical separation of poputlations over some geographic distance i.e. glacial ice sheets, major rivers changing course, mountain ranges rising and dividing regions, drying climate evaporating lakes, warming/cooling temps changing
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extinction
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the dissaperance of a species from the earth
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dinosaurs, wooley mammoth, sabertooth tigers
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K-T boundary
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the line dividing the Cretaceous and Tertiary periods
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Ordovician Extinction
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3rd largest mass extinction of 5; wiped out more than one-hundredd families of marine invertebrates
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K-T mass extinction event
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65 million years ago, brought an end to the dinosaurs and 70% of living species disappeared
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best known extinction
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endangered species
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species facing extinction
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pandas, bald eagles
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habitat fragmentation
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begins when gaps of a natural habitat are cleared. gewer populations can persist and species decrease with time
Causes: forest clearing, garming, road building, developments, ect. |
reason we have wildlife parks and reserves in many cities and suburbs
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habitat destruction
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destroying a habitat completely for human development
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ecosystem
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all organisms and nonliving entities that occur and interact in a particular area at the same time
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species
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a population or group of populations of a particular type of organism whose members share certain characteristics and can breed freely with one another and produce fertile offspring
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population
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a group of organisms of the same species that live in the same area. species are often composed of multiple populations
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Organization of living things
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Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
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1. Kangaroos Play Cellos, Orangutans Fiddle, Gorillas Sing
2. Kings play chess others frequently get stoned |
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Kingdom
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the highest classification in which living organisms are grouped
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5 types: animal, plant, prokaryotes, protists, and fungi
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Phylum
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the primary subdivision of a taxonomic kingdom, grouping together all classes of organisms that have the same body plan.
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arthropods, chordates, mollusks
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classification of a man
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Kingdom: animalia
Phylum: vertebrata Class: mammalia Order: primates Family: Hominidae genus: homo species: sapiens |
kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
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Classification of a dog and cat?
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Cat/Dog:
Animalia vertebrata mammalia carnivora felidae/canidae felis/canis domesticus |
kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
like human somewhat |
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food web/chain
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a visual representation of feeding interactions within an ecological community that shows an array of relationships between organisms at different trophic levels
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biodiversity
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the sum total of all organisms in an area taking into account the diversity of species, their genes, their populations, and their communities
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