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155 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What kind of tissue lines the urinary bladder?
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Epithelium
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What kind of tissue is bone tissue?
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Connective
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Lining of covering:
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Epithelium
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What kind of cartilage would you find in the nose?
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Hylian Cartilage
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What kind of cartilage would you find in the ear?
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Elastic Cartilage
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Classification of Epithelium: Cell Layers
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Simple
Stratified Pseudostratified |
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Single layer of cells that contact Basement Membrane
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Simple Epithelium
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2 or more layers of cells
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Stratified Epithelium
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Single layer of cells, where some are larger than others
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Pseudo-Stratified Epithelium
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Classification of Epithelium: Cell Shape
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Squamous
Cubodial Columnar |
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Cell Shape: Flat and thin cell
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Squamous
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Cell Shape: Cube-Like
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Cubodial
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Cell Shape: Rectangular
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Columnar
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Major Classification of Epithelium
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Simple Squamous Epithelium
Simple Cubodial Epithelium Simple Columnar Epithelium Pseudostratifed Columnar Epithelium Stratified Squamous Epithelium |
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Single Layer of Flat and Thin cells
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Simple Squamous Epithelium
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Location of Simple Squamous Epithelium
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Air Sacs (aveoli) of lungs
Walls of capillaries |
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Function of Simple Squamous Epithelium
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Diffusion and Filtration
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Location of Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
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Kidney Tubules
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Function of Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
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Secretion and Absorption
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Location of Simple Columnar Epithelium
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Lines digestive tract from stomach to rectum
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Function of Simple Columnar Epithelium
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Secrete Digestive Enzymes
Absorb Nutrients |
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Cells that secrete mucus
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Goblet Cells
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Location of Pseudo-stratified Columnar Epithelium
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Larynx
Trachea Bronchi |
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Function of Pseudo-stratified Columnar Epithelium
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Goblet Cells and Cilia are self cleaning mechanisms
Traps dust and lint that enters when inhaled |
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Location of Stratified Squamous Epithelium
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Found in areas of body that are subjected to friction
Keratinized Locations Non Keratinized Locations |
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Keratinized Locations of Stratified Squamous Epithelium
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Epidermis of Skin (outermost)
(Doesn't Contain goblet cells) |
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Non-Keratinized Locations of Stratified Squamous Epithelium
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Lining of Mouth
Pharynx Esophagus Vagina (Contains goblet cells) |
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What kind of cartilage would you find in the invertible disk?
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Fibro cartilage
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What makes up the wall of kidney tubules:
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Simple Cubodial Epithelium
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Dermis of the skin is:
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Dense irregular connective tissue
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3 Epithelial Membranes
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Mucosa
Serosa Endothelium |
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Epithelial membrane that coated with mucus
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Mucosa
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Mucosa is located:
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Lining of Mouth (simple squamous)
Lining of Intestine (simple columnar) |
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Thin film of water:
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Serosa
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Serosa is located:
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Cover visceral organs in abdominal cavity and thoracic cavity
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3 Serosas:
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Pleura
Pericardium Pairtenium |
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Cover lungs + lines thoracic cavity
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Pleura
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Covers heart
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Pericardium
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Lines abdominal cavity
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Paritenium
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Epithelial membrane: Wall of capillarity, layer of simple squamous epithelium that lines blood vessels
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Endothelium
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Makes and secretes chemicals to outside of cells:
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Glandular Epithelium Cells
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Types of Glandular Epithelial
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Goblet Cells
Endocrine Glands Exocrine Glands |
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Makes and secretes hormones that go directly into bloodstream:
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Endocrine Glands (thyroid gland)
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Gland that do not secrete directly into the blood stream, but into ducts (tubes), or surface of skin:
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Exocrine Glands (sweat glands, oil glands, pancreas)
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2 Modes of Secretion of Epithelial Membranes:
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Merocrine Mode
Holocrine Mode |
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Secrete chemicals by exocytosis
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Merocrine Secretion
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Secrete chemicals by filling cell with a secretory product then cell dies and ruptures to release the chemical:
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Holocrine Secretion
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Connective Tissue: Ligaments attach:
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Bone to Bone
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Connective Tissue: Support:
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Bone
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Connective Tissue: Protection:
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White Blood Cells
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Connective Tissue: Movement:
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Bone
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Connective Tissue: Energy Storage:
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Fat Molecules (Adipose)
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Connective Tissue: Matrix extracellular material:
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Ground Substances and Protein
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Connective Tissue: watery substance in the matrix that varies in viscosity filled with different types of glycoproteins
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Ground Substance
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3 Types of Protein Fibers
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Collagen Fibers
Elastic Fibers Reticular Fibers |
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What makes up Matrix of Connective Tissue
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Ground Substance + Protein Fibers(3)
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Most abundant protein fiber in body:
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Collagen Fibers (made by protein called Collagen)
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Protein Fiber that is:
Inelastic (stays stretched) strong + resist being stretched (stronger than steel fiber) |
Collagen Fibers
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Protein Fiber that can stretch and recoil (lungs, urinary bladder):
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Elastic Fibers (elsatin)
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Protein Fiber made of collagen that forms meshes:
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Reticular Fibers (reticulum)
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Vascularity:
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Highly + Poorly
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Good Blood Supply
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Highly Vascular
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Doesn't have good Blood Supply
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Poorly Vascular
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Highly Vascular C.T:
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Dense Irregular
Alveolar Adipose Bone |
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Poorly Vascularized C.T
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Dense Regular
Tendons Ligaments |
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Avascular (No Blood Vessels) Connective Tissue:
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Cartilage (3)
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Early Embryonic Mesodermal cells forms (mitosis):
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Mesenchyme
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Mesenchyme Cells go on to form all Connective Tissue in the Body(mitosis) (4):
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Fibroblasts
Chondroblasts Osteoblasts Hemocytoblasts |
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Fibroblasts go on to form:
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Connective Tissue Proper
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Connective Tissue Proper go on to form 2 Types of CT:
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Loose CT
Dense CT |
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Loose Connective Tissue go on to form: (2)
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Areolar
Adipose |
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Dense Connective Tissue go on to form: (3)
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Regular CT
Irregular CT Elastic CT |
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Chondroblasts go on to form:(1)
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Cartilage
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Cartilage goes on to form (3):
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Hylan Cartilage
Elastic Cartilage Fibro Cartilage |
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Osteoblasts go on to form (1):
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Bone
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Bone goes on to form (2):
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Compact
Spongy |
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Hemocytoblasts go on to form (1):
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Blood
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Blood goes on to form (3):
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RBC
WBC Platelets |
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Loose Connective Tissues: (2)
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Areolar
Adipose |
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Cells found in Areolar
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Fibroblasts
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Areolar is associated with:
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Hypodermis (below skin)
and common around blood vessels Highly Vascular |
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Fat loose connective tissue:
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Adipose (Adipocytes)
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Nutrients in excess are taken up by adipocytes (makes triglycerides) and undergo:
(gaining weight) occurs while eating (excess organic nutrients) |
Lipogenesis
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Occurs between meals by Adipocytes breaking down of triglycerides to 3FA's + molecule of glycerol which are then taken up by most cells (mitochondria) then converted to CO2 H2O and ATP
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Lipolysis
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Fat Tissue Functions (3):
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Energy Storage
Insulation Fat Pads |
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3 Types of Dense Connective Tissue:
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Dense Regular
Dense Irregular Elastic |
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Poorly vascularized, slow to heal makes up tendons and ligaments (bone to bone)
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Dense Regular Connective Tissue
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Very thick and dense collagen fibers that forms a mesh (dermis of skin)
(Highly Vascular) |
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
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Hollow organs that have to stretch and recoil back to original size
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Elastic Connect Tissue
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3 Types of Cartilage
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Hyline
Elastic Fibro |
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Cells of Hyline Cartilage:
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Chondrocytes in lacuna
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Most comon type of cartilage (found in wall of larynx, c-ring of trachea, nose)
(smooth and glassy collagen fibers) |
Hyline Cartilage
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Cartilage found in ear and epiglotis:
(thin collagen fibers) |
Elastic Cartilage
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Cartilage found in itervetebral disks
(thick collagen fibers) (makes meniscus) |
Fibro Cartilage
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Tissues that are specialized to contract:
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Muscle Tissues
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Name of Plasma Membrane of Muscle Tissue:
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sarcolemma
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Name of cytoplasm of Muscle Tissue:
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sarcoplasm
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3 Types of Muscle Tissue
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Skeletal Muscle Tissue
Cardiac Muscle Tissue Smooth Muscle Tissue |
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Muscle Tissue that makes up the bicep, striated, and multi nuclei and is voluntary:
(Bicep) |
Skeletal Muscle Tissue
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Muscle Tissue that is striated, uni-nucleus, branched, and involuntary
(Heart) |
Cardiac Muscle Tissue
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Muscle Tissue that is not striated, uni-nucleus, and involuntary
(Organs;Uterus) |
Smooth Muscle Tissue
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Nervous Tissue: Nerve Cell:
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Neuron
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Specialized to conduct nerve impulses:
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Neuron
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Nerve Cell Consists of
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Cell Body
Dendrites Axon |
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Accessory Structures of skin (3):
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Sweat Glands
Oil Glands Hair + Nail |
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Skin consists of 2 layers:
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Epidermis
Dermis |
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Epidermis of Skin:
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Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium
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Area below skin:
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Hypodermis
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Skin Functions:
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Barrier to Infection
Protects against Dehydration |
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Dermis of Skin:
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Dense irregular connective tissues (highly vascularized)
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Hypodermis consists of :
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Aerolar to adipose tissue (loose connective tissue)
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Attaches skin to underlying muscle and bone:
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Hypodermis
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Point where one branch of cardiac muscle cell meets another:
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Interculated Discs
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Layers of the Epidermis:
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Stratum Basale
Stratum Spinosum Stratum Granulosum Stratum Lucidium Stratum Corneum |
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First layer of Epidermis that rests on Basement Membrane:
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Stratum Basale
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Single layer of cube shaped cells that divide by mitosis to form all other cells in upper layers:
(Regenerative Layer) |
Stratum Basale
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2 Types of Stratum Basale Cells:
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Keratinocytes
Melanocytes |
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Daughters cells that form by mitotic division of the basal layer and move upward are called:
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Keratinocytes
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Cells of basal layer of epidermis that make a brownish pigment called:
10%-25% of basal cells: |
Melanocytes
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Melanocytes make a brown colored pigment called:
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Melanin
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As keratinocytes form ___________ pass the melanin they make on to kertinocytes:
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Melanocytes
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UV Rays of sunlight stimulate an enzyme in melanocytes called:
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tyronsinase
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Tyronsinase converts AA called _______ to melanin:
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Tyronsine
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Layer of Epidermis that is several layers thick that synthesize proteins called pre-keratin
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Stratum Spinosum
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Macrophage that lives in Stratum Spinosum:
(connective tissue) |
Longerhan
(eat bacteria) |
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Layer of Epidermis that converts pre-keratin to keratin then die:
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Stratum Granulosum
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Process of converting pre-keratin to keratin:
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Keratinization
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Layer of Epidermis that is only found in very thick skin in a couple of locations of the body:
(palm of hand, sole of feet) (few layers of dead cells) |
Stratum Lucidium
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Layer of Epidermis Upper later of Epidermis consists of 30 to 50 layers of dead keratinized epithelial cells
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Stratum Corneum
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Below Epidermis and is 10x thicker than Epidermis:
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Dermis
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2 Layers of Dermis:
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Papillary (upper) (little bump)
Reticular (lower) |
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Areoloar Connective Tissue (upper layer)
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Papillary
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Dense Irregular Connective Tissue (lower layer)
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Reticular
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Epidermal Derivatives: (2 Glands)
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2 Glands
Sudoriferous Gland Sebaceous Gland Ceruminous Gland |
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Sweat Glands
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Sudoriferous Glands
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Sudoriferous Glands are located in:
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Palms of hands soles of feet skin of forehead
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Sudoriferous Glands specialize in:
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Evaporative Cooling
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2 Types of Sudoriferous Glands:
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Ecrine
Apocrine |
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Secretes Watery Sweat and is odorless:
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Ecrine Sweat Glands
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Thick fat fill secretion bacteria feeds and creates odors:
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Apocrine Sweat Glands
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Epithelial Cell outside of coiled tube of sweat gland
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Stratified Cubodial Epithelial Cell
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Oil solution secretes from which gland:
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Sebacious Gland
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Name of secretion from Sebacious Gland:
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Sebum
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Sebum is what kind of secrtion:
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Holocrine secretion
(cell dies and releases sebum) |
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Bump at bottom of hair follicle is called:
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Dermal Papilla
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Epidermal cells divide, produce keratnocytes, die compress into columns of flat dead kertinized epithelial cells called:
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Hair Follicle
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Smooth muscle that swivels hair and causes skin to bump:
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Piloerctor Muscle
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Oily solution secreted by Subacous gland:
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Sebum
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Cartilage in tip of nose:
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Hylian Cartilage
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Cartilage in the ear:
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Elastic Cartilage
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What makes up an inter vertebral disk:
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Fibro Cartilage
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What makes up walls of kidney tubules:
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Simple Cubodial Epithelium
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Skin:
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Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
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What kind of cell makes bone
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Osteoblasts
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Sheet of epithelium is attached to a:
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Basement Membrane
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