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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Know the structure of enzymes as globular proteins |
Globular structure Tertiary structure: - Folded - 3D - compact - specific shape - Hydrogen, Disulphide and Ionic bonds hold the proteins shape. |
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.Understand the concepts of specificity and the induced fit hypothesis |
The substrate has a complementary shape to the enzymes active site, but the enzyme can change shape slightly to accommodate the substrate molecule |
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Understand that enzymes are catalysts that reduce activation energy |
Enzymes work by lowering this activation energy Reactions can therefore take place at lower temperatures than normal, e.g. at human body temperature of 37 degrees Celsius. |
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How does pH affect the rate of enzyme activity? |
Changes in pH may not only affect the shape of an enzyme but it may also change the shape or charge properties of the substrate so that either the substrate connot bind to the active site or it cannot undergo catalysis. In geneal enzyme have a pH optimum. However the optimum is not the same for each enzyme. |
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How does temperature affect the rate of enzyme activity? |
Temperature and enzymes. As the temperature increases, so does the rate of reaction. But very high temperatures denature enzymes. The graph shows the typical change in an enzyme's activity with increasing temperature. |
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How does substrate concentration affect the rate of enzyme activity? |
Changing the Enzyme andSubstrate concentrations affect the rate of reaction of an enzyme-catalysed reaction. Controlling these factors in a cell is one way that an organism regulates its enzyme activity and so it's Metabolism. |
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How does enzyme concentration affect the rate of enzyme activity? |
Increasing enzyme concentration will increase the rate of reaction, as more enzymes will be colliding with substrate molecules.However, this too will only have an effect up to a certain concentration, where the Enzyme Concentration is no longer the limiting factor. |
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Understand how the initial rate of enzyme activity can be measured and whythis is important. |
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How are enzymes affected by non competitive inhibitors? |
Non-competitive Inhibitors bind to a site other than the Active Site, called an Allosteric Site. Doing so distorts the 3D Tertiary structure of the enzyme, such that it can no longer catalyse a reaction. |
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Understand how enzymes can be affected by competitive, non-competitive and end-product inhibition
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Know that enzymes catalyse a wide range of intracellular reactions as well asextracellular ones |
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