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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Chromosomes, duplicated during S phase, cannot be seen individually because they have not yet condensed
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Interphase
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The chromatin fibers become more tightly coiled, condensing into discrete chromosomes observable with a light microscope
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Prophase
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The nuclear envelope fragments
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Prometaphase
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The nucleus contains one or more nucleoli
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interphase
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By the end of this phase, the two ends of the cell have equivalent and complete collections of chromosomes.
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Anaphase
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The nucleoli disappear
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Prophase
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the centrosomes are now at opposite ends of the cell
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Metaphase
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Each duplicated chromosome appears as two identical sister chromatids joined together
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Prophase
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The chromosomes become less condensed
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Telophase
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In animal cells, each centrosome features two centrioles
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Interphase
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The mitotic spindle begins to form. It is composed of the centrosomes and the microtubules that extend from them. The radial arrays of shorter microtubules that extend from the centrosomes are called asters
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Prophase
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Each of the 2 chromatids of a chromosome now has a kinetochore, a specialized prtein structure located at the centromere.
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Prometaphase
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The centrosomes move away from each other, apparently propelled by the lengthening microtubules between them.
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Prophase
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A nuclear envelope bounds the nucleus
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Interphase
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The microtubules of the spindle can now invade the nuclear area and interact with the chromosomes, which have become even more condensed.
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Prometaphase
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Microtubules extend from each centrosome toward the middle of the cell
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Prometaphase
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two centrosomes have formed by replication of a single centrosome
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Interphase
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Some of the microtubules attach to the kinetochores, becoming "kinetochore microtubules"; thesse jerk the chromosomes back and forth.
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Prometaphase
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The chromosomes convene on the metaphase plate, an imaginary plane that is equidistant between the spindle's two poles. The chromosomes' centromeres lie on the metaphase plate.
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Metaphase
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Begins when the 2 sister chromatids of each pair suddenly part. Each chromatid thus becomes a full fledged chromosome.
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Anaphase
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For each chromosome, the kinetochores of the sister chromatids are attached to kinetochore microtubules coming from opposite poles
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Metaphase
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Nonkinetochore microtubules interact with those from the opposite pole of the spindle.
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Prometaphase
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longest stage of mitosis, lasting about 20 minutes
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metaphase
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The entire apparatus of microtubules is called the spindle because of its shape
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Metaphase
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the shortest stage of mitosis, lasting only a few minutes
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Anaphase
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The cell elongates as the nonkinetochore microtubules lengthen
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Anaphase
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Two daughter nuclei begin to form in the cell
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Telophase
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The division of the cytoplasm is usually well underway by late telophase, so the 2 daughter cells appear shortly after the end of mitosis
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Cytokinesis
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Nuclear envelopes arise from the fragments of the parent cell's nuclear envelope and other portions of the endomembrane system
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Telophase
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In animal cells, cytokinesis involves the formation of a cleavage furrow, which pinches the cell in two.
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Cytokinesis
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The two liberated chromosomes begin moving toward opposite ends of hte cell, as their kinetochore microtubules shorten. Because these microtubules are attached at the centromere region, the chromosomes move centromere first
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Anaphase
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Mitosis, the division of one nucleus into two genetically identical nuclei, is now complete
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Telophase
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