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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
an organized approach of learning how the natural world works, based on two important principles
1) events in the natural world have natural causes 2) uniformity |
the scientific method
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idea that the fundamental laws of nature operate the same way at all places and at all times
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uniformity
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the act of perceiving a natural occurence that causes someone to pose a question
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observation
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a proposed explanation for the way a particular aspect of the natural world functions
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hypothesis
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statement that forcasts what would happen in a test situation if the hypothesis were true
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prediction
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used to test a hypothesis and its predictions
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experiment
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used by scientists to test hypotheses, this compares an experimental group and a control group and only has one variable
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controlled experiment
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provides a normal standard against which the biologist can compare results of the experimental group
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control goup
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identical to the control group excempt for the independent variable
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experimental group
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also called the manipulated variable; this is what distinguishes the experimental group from the control group
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independent variable
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responding variable; factor that is affected by the independent variable
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dependent variable
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data measured in numbers
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quantitative data
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conclusion made on the basis of facts and previous knowledge rather than on direct observations
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inference
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when a set of related hypotheses is confirmed to be true many times, and it can explain a great amount of data, it is reclassified as this
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theory
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section of a research paper that describes how researchers proceeded with the experiment
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materials and methods
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section of the research paper that states the findings the experiment presented
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results
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section of a research paper that poses the problem and hypotheses to be investigated
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introduction
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section of a research paper that gives the significance of the experiment and future directions the scientists will take
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discussion
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process in which scientists who are experts in the field anonymously read and critique the research paper
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peer review
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objects used to improve the performance of a task
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tools
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tools that extend human vision by making enlarged images of objects
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microscopes
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microscope that shines light through a specimen and has two lenses to magnify an image
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compound light microscope
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part of a compound light microscope which magnifies the image
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eyepiece [ocular lens]
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part of a compound light microscope through which light passes after passing through the specimen. enlarges the image of the specimen
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objective lens
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part of a compound light microscope; platform that supports a slide holding a specimen
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stage
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light source in a compound light microscope that provides light for viewing the image. either reflected in a mirror, or an incandescent light from a small lamp
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light source
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the increase of an objects apparent size
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magnification
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the structure that holds the set of objective lens
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nosepiece
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the degree of enlargement
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the power of magnification
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the power to show details clearly to an image
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resolution
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type of electron microscope which produces an image of the object's surface
can magnify ojects up to 100,000 times |
scanning electron microscope
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type of electron microscope that can magnify up to 200,000 times and shows an organism's internal structure
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transmission electrom microscope
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standard system of measurement used by scientists; decimal system based on powers of ten
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metric system
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seven fundamental units in the system of units that describe length, mass, time, and other quantities
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base units
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used for measurements suh as surface area or velocity, these are produced by the mathematical relationship between two base units
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derived units
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