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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Particulargroups, or species, of living things can undergo modification in successivegenerations, with such change sometimes resulting in the formation of new,separate species is regarded as
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Common descent with modification or First Evolutionary Theory Principle |
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The process through which traits that confer a reproductiveadvantage to individual organisms grow more common in populations of organismsover successive generations; It's the most important process of evolution.
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Natural Selection or the Second Evolutionary Theory Principle |
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Darwin began to perceive common descent with modification through |
the infinite branching of evolution |
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Darwin saw organisms evolve in the direction of the favorable variations, which he termed |
natural selection |
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Theses genetic alterations can take place, showing up as new physical traits, which can be passed on to new generations. |
mutations |
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The convergence of several lines of biological research into a unified evolutionary theory is termed |
modern synthesis |
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A general set of principles supported by evidence that explains some aspect of the natural world is known as |
theory |
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The study of the physical forms that organisms take is called |
morphology |
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If it is the same in structure owing to inheritance from a common ancestor, it is called |
homologous |
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A structure in an organism whose original function has been lost during the course of evolution is called |
vestigial character |
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A group of organisms that can successfully interbreed with one another in nature but that don't successfully interbreed with members of other such groups is called |
species |
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All the members of a species that live in a defined geographic region at a given time is called a |
population |
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All the alleles that exist in a population is called a |
gene pool |
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A change of allele frequencies in a population over a relatively short period of time is known as |
microevolution |
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Any genetically based phenotypic change in a population of organisms over successive generations is known as |
evolution |
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Evolution that results in the formation of new species or other large groupings of living things is called |
macroevolution |
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Name the five agents of microevolution. |
1. mutation 2. gene flow 3. genetic drift 4. sexual selection 5. natural selection |
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The movement of alleles from one population to another is which agent of microevolution? |
gene flow |
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the movement of individuals from one population into the territory of another is called |
migration |
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The random chance alteration of gene frequencies in a population that has a greater effect on small populations is which agent of microevolution? |
genetic drift |
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One form of genetic drift is ___ where the populations can be greatly reduced through disease or natural disaster or occurs due to a change in allele frequency due to a sharp population reduction. |
bottleneck |
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A second form of genetic drift is ___ where a small subset of a population can migrate to start a new population, even one member. |
founder effect |
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Which agent of microevolution occurs when some members of a population mate more often than other members? |
sexual selection |
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Which agent of microevolution occurs when some individuals will be successful than others in surviving and reproducing for a better fit in their environment? |
natural selection |
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A modification in the form, physical functioning, or behavior of organisms in a population over generations in response to environmental change is known as |
adaptation |
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The success of an organism in passing on its genes to offspring is called |
fitness |
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The intermediate forms of a given character are favored over extreme forms is called the |
stabilizing selection |
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When natural selection moves a character toward one of its extremes such as hominins is called |
directional selection |
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When natural selection moves a character toward both of its extremes is called |
disruptive selection (is less frequent) |
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What concept relies on the sexual breeding behavior of populations in nature? |
biological species concept |
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Which two kingdoms are not species because they reproduce by cell division and not breeding? |
bacteria and archaea |
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The development of new species through evolution is termed |
speciation |
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What speciation occurs when geographical barriers divide a population and the resulting population becomes a separate species? |
allopatric speciation |
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Any factor that, in nature, prevents interbreeding between individuals of the same species or of closely related species. |
reproductive isolating mechanism |
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A barrier to interbreeding of populations that is not an inherent characteristic of the organisms in the populations such as rivers. |
extrinsic isolating mechanism |
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What type of isolation prevents interbreeding due to living in different locations? |
geographical isolation |
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A difference in anatomy, physiology, or behavior that prevents interbreeding between individuals of the same species or of closely related species. |
intrinsic isolating mechanism |
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Name the six intrinsic isolating mechanisms. |
1. ecological isolation 2. temporal isolation 3. behavioral isolation 4. mechanical isolation 5. gametic isolation 6. hybrid inviability |
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Name the intrinsic isolating mechanism. Species live in the same place, but cannot mate if they don't make contact. |
ecological isolation |
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Name the intrinsic isolating mechanism. Species live in the same place, but they can't mate because breeding times differ. |
temporal isolation |
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Name the intrinsic isolating mechanism. Species breed at the same time, but don't mate because they are not attracted. |
behavioral isolation |
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Name the intrinsic isolating mechanism. Species are attracted, but they can't mate if not physically compatible. |
mechanical isolation |
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Name the intrinsic isolating mechanism. Species are physically compatible, but the egg and sperm do not fuse properly. |
gametic isolation |
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Name the intrinsic isolating mechanism. Even if fertilization occurs, the offspring may not survive or reproduce such as donkeys. |
hybrid inviability or infertility |
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A speciation that does not involve geographic separation is called |
sympatric speciation |
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The rapid evolution of many species from a single species that has been introduced to a new environment is called |
adaptive radiation |
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binomial nomenclature groups Earth's organisms by two names: |
1. genus 2. species |
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The diversity and relatedness of organisms is called |
systematics |
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The organisms in any category that make up a group of living things is called a |
taxon |
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Name the 7 classifications of the taxonomic system. |
1. kingdom 2. phylum 3. class 4. order 5. family 6. genus 7. species |
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Which branch of systematics determines the order of branching events in speciation? |
cladistics |