Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Gametes
|
An organ's reproductive cells.
|
|
|
WHat happens to the DNA when a cell is divided?
|
The DNA is first copied and then distributed.
|
|
|
Binary fission: definition
|
form of asexual reproduction that produces identical offspring
|
|
|
Binary Fission: Stage 1 and 2
|
1. DNA is copied, cell divides. 2.squeezed toward the center by new cell membrane, and pinches off like a balloon.
|
|
|
gene
|
segement of DNA that codes for a protein or RNA molecule
|
|
|
chromosome
|
As a eukaryotic cell prepares to divide, the DNA and the proteins associated with the DNA coil into this structure.
|
|
|
chromatid
|
The two exact copies of DNA that make up each chromosome. TWo chromatid attached at the centromere.
|
|
|
Homologous chromosomes
|
chromosomes that are similar in size, shape, and genetic content
|
|
|
How many chromosomes are there in human somoatic cells?
|
46-2 sets of 23.
|
|
|
diploid
|
A cell, such as a somatic cell, that contains two sets of chromosomes.
|
|
|
haploid
|
A cell, such as a gamete, that has only one set of chromosomes.
|
|
|
zygote
|
fertilized egg cell, the first cell of a new individual.
|
|
|
Autosomes
|
chromosomes that are not directly invloved in determining the sex of an individual.
|
|
|
sex chromosomes
|
one of the 23 pairs of human chromosomes, that determine the sex of the individual.
|
|
|
karyotype
|
A photo of the chromosomes in a dividing cell that shows the chromosomes arranges by size.
|
|
|
disjunction
|
when the chromosome and the homologue seperate
|
|
|
deletion mutation
|
A piece of the chromosome breaks off completely
|
|
|
duplication mutation
|
A chromsome fragment attaches to its homologuous chromosome, which will carry 2 copies of the gene.
|
|
|
inversion mutation
|
attached in reverse orientation to the chromosome.
|
|
|
translocation mutation
|
piece reattached to a non-homologous chromosome
|
|
|
cell cycle
|
a repeating sequence of cellular growth and division during the life of an organism.
|
|
|
interphase
|
first three phases of the cycle, where a cell spends 90% of its time.
|
|
|
First growth phase(G1)
|
-cell carries out its routine functions
|
|
|
Synthesis phase(S)
|
-DNA is copied
-at the end, each chromosome is 2 chromatids attached at the centomere |
|
|
Second growth phase(G2)
|
-preparation made for nucleus to divide
- microtobules are assembled(used to move chromosomes during mitosis) |
|
|
Mitois
|
The process during cell division in which the nucleus of the cell is divided into 2 nuclei.
-Each nucleus ends up with the same # and kinds fo chromosomes as the orginal cell |
|
|
Cytokineisis
|
The process durig cell division in which the cytoplasm divides.
|
|
|
G1 checkpoint
|
-will the cell divide?
If healthy conditions, syntheis begins. If not, it is stopped. |
|
|
DNA synthesis checkpoint (G2)
|
-DNA replication is checked at this point by repair proteins
-prepares for mitosis |
|
|
Mitosis checkpoint
|
-triggers the exit from mitosis
-signals the beginning of G1 |
|
|
Cancer
|
uncontrolled growth of cells
|
|
|
Spindles
|
cell structures made up of both centrioles and individual microtobule fibers that are involved in moing chromosomes during cell division.
|
|
|
M: Prophase
|
-chromosomes coil up and become visible
-nuclear envelope dissolves -spindle forms |
|
|
M: Metaphase
|
-chromosomes move to center of cell; line up across the equator
-spindle fibers link the chromatids of each chromosome to opposite poles |
|
|
M: Anaphase
|
- centromeres divede
-two chromatid(somes) move toward opposite poles -spindle fibers shorten |
|
|
M: Telophase
|
-nuclear envelope forms around the chromosomes at each pole
-chromosomes at oposite poles uncoil -spindle dissolves -mitosis complete |
|
|
What is the end result of mitosis and cytokinesis?
|
two genetically identical cells where only one cell exsisted before
|
|
|
What occurs during cytokinesis?
|
-cytoplasm of cell is divided in half
- cellmembrane grows to enclose each cell, forming two seperate cells |
|
|
What happens with cytokinesis in cells that lack cell walls?
|
The cell is pinched in half by a belt of protein threads
|
|
|
What occurs in plant cells, with rigid cell walls?
|
they form a cell plate by vesicles that fuse in the golgi apparatus instead.
|
|
|
What is your middle name?
|
Chana
|
|
|
What does SADD stand for?
|
uchhh, you know.
|
|
|
nalgene?
|
plastic bag.
|
|
|
Tom Green
|
Albatross wings.....
|
|
|
Lick
|
the book
|
