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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
29. Why does the book say the history of humans in Hawaii is an important lesson? What is the moral to the story?
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We sometimes forget what use to be here before us. Moral:human species is growing rapidly. Hawaii like the earth has limited resources and space.
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30. What advantage do humans have in competing with other species for space, energy and food?
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Industry & technology give humans a strong advantage in competing w/ other species for limited resources such as food, energy and space.
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31. List 4 human activities that have caused changes in the ecosystem?
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Hunting7 gathering, agriculture, industry, and urban development.
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32. What is the difference btw subsistence hunting and modern day hunting?
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Subsistence hunting-hunter-gatherers hunt to supply their diet w/ the meat of wild animals. Modern day-make little demands on the environment, use some form of technology (guns, snowmobiles, mfg tools.
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33. Why was the spread of agriculture important in human history?
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Provided people w/ one of their most basic needs-dependable supply of food.
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34. List pros and cons of domesticating animals.
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Pros-sheep, goats, cows, pigs, horses, dogs help supplied humans w/ milk meat hides wool companionship and energy to do work. Cons-goats, cows other herbivores changed grasslands. eroded soils & put large demands on water supplies
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35. What happened in the 1800's to increase crop yields?
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Large-scale watering/ irrigation, new crop varieties & invention of farm machines for plowing, planting, harvesting helped farmers increase their yields. Advancements in science & technology.
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36. What was the green revolution?
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Global effort increase food production, governments & scientists intro new, intensive farming practices that greatly increased yields of rice, wheat,& other crops.
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37. In what ways do modern farming methods affect the biosphere more than historical practices did?
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Depleted energy & water. Monoculture allows a # of pest species that reproduce on a very large scale. Farmers have used potentially harmful chemicals. Fertilizers interfere w/ food webs & biogeochemical cycles.
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38. List pors and cons of the green revolution.
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Pros-water, chemical fertilizers boost food yields & pesticides control unwanted species but chemicals are potentially harmful. Pro/Con human & animal replace w/ heavy equipment & machinery.
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39. What is suburban sprawl?
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Spread of suburban communities across the American landscape.
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40. Name three results of the industrial revolution.
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Industrial processes pollute air, H20, & soil. communities produce wastes & suburban sprawl consumes farmland & natural habitats.
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41. What is the tragedy of the commons?
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Any resource that is opent to everyone will eventually be destroyed because everyone can use the resource, but no one is responsible for preserving it.
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42. Natural resources can be classified as BLANK and BLANK. Describe the two and give ex.
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Renewable, nonrenewable. Renewable-can regenerate & are therfore replaceable but not unlimited ex. fresh H2O, tree. Nonrenewable-cannot be replenished by natural processes ex. fossil fuels, coal, oil & natural gas.
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43. Describe overfishing, cause, & preventative methods
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fish stocks harvested faster than reproduce. Stressed the system causing fish pop. to collapse. limit the catch of fish pop. & close the fishing grounds temporarily, Aquaculture.
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43.a. Describe overfishing, cause, & preventative methods
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fish stocks harvested faster than reproduce. Stressed the system causing fish pop. to collapse. limit the catch of fish pop. & close the fishing grounds temporarily, Aquaculture.
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43.b. Describe deforestation, cause, preventative methods
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loss of forest. Logging, mature trees harvested to allow younger trees to grow. Plant new trees.
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44. List 4 problems humans activites can cause on land.
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plowing causing soil erosions, overgrazing, deforestation & farming.
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45. Where does waste build up come from?
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?
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46. What leads to soil erosion?
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Plowing the land, removes the roots which hold the soil in place.
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47. How can an area of fertile soil become a sandy desert? What is this known as?
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Dry climate, overgrazing, farming & drought. Desertification.
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48. Where does L.A. smog come from?
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Automobile exhausts & industrial emissions.
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49. Define pollutant.
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A harmful material that can enter the biosphere through the land, air, / water.
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50. What pathways do the chemicals in atmospheric emissions take on their way to becoming acid rain.
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Burning of fossil fuels, release acidic gases containg nitrogen & sulfur compounds into the atmospher. These gases combine w/ H2O vapor in air, form drops of nitric & sulfuric acids. These stron acids drift for miles before they fall as acid rain.
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51. Why is the Colorado River such a hot commodity?
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?
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52. Where does sewage come from and where does it go?
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Domestic sewage comes from sinks & toilets. Where does it go?
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53. What are the factors that affect the quality of water?
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Protecting water supplies from pollution & managing the demands.
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54. Why was the oil spill Exxon Valdez considered the worst in U.S. history?
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?
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55. What cuases global warming?
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Human activities have caused global warming by adding carbon dioxide & other green house gases such as methane to the atomsphere. Global atmospheric green house is retaining more heat.
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56. Why would a few degrees change in average temperature be detrimental?
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If the temp. increases then it could melt the ice caps & seal levels could rise enough to cause flooding of low-lying coastal areas. Storms & other weather disturbances become more frequent. N. America experience serious droughts, during summer.
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57. Where is the oznoe layer the thinnest?
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Southern Hemisphere Note: 1) Hole over Antarctica, 2) 2nd hole over Arctic.
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58. What are CFC's? List ex. of CFC propellants.
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Chlorofluorocarbons. Aerosol cans, production of plastic foams, & coolants in refrigerators, freezers, & air conditioners.
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59. Why is biodiversity of great value to humans?
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It provides us w/ food, industrial products, & medicines.
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60. Most old growth forests have been cleared. How does this affect living organisms?
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When old growth forests are cut down the variety of species in the forests are lost.
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61. What is habitat fragmentation?
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The development that often splits ecosystems into pieces.
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62. List 2 ex. of invasive species in the U.S. and the resulting change in the ecosystem.
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1) Zebra mussels-reproduce so quickly that they cause major ecological changes & driving several native speices to extinction 2) leafy spurge-infests mill. of hectares of grasslands acroos Northern great plains, where it displaces native plants.
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63. How can small seemingless harmless amounts of a chemical substance become lethal?
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Nonbiodegradable: cannot be eliminated from the body, it increase @ higher tropic levels in a food chain/food web by 10 times.
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64. Why was DDT banned from the U.S.?
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The widespread spraying of DDT over many yrs had threatened pop. of many animals w/ extinction.
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65. According to Figure 6-16 what number is the concentration of DDT multiplied at each successsive trophic level?
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ten times the level before.
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66. What is the difference btw extinct and endagered?
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Extinct-term used to refer to a species that has died out. Endangered-species whose pop. size is rapidly decling & will become extinct if the trend continues.
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67. What is CITES? What does it enforce?
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Convention on Internation Trade in Endangered Species.
Bans international trade in products derived from an agreed-upon list of endangered species. |
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68. The world's first national park is BLANK.
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Yellowstone Park
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69. What is the Lacey ACt?
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Transporting illegally killed animals across state borders becomes a federal crime.
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70. Discuss two important things that occurred btw the years 1933 and 2000.
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1) Endangered species preservation act-allows for identification of a research on endangered species(1966). 2) National Marine Sanctuaries Act-secretary of commerce is empowered to designate marine ecosystems as preservation or conservation areas(1972)
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