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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
cell
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Basic unit of all forms of life
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cell theory
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The idea that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic units of structures and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells.
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nucleus
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Structure that holds the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls the cell's activities.
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eukaryote
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cells that contain nuclei
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prokaryote
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cells that do not have a nuclei
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organelle
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structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaaryotic cell
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cytoplasm
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material inside the cell membrane - not including the nucleus
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nuclear envelope
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layer of two membranes that surrounds the nucleus of a cell
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chromatin
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granular material visible within the nucleus; the DNA is tightly coiled around proteins
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chromosome
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threadlike structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next.
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nucleolus
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small, dense (filled) area within most nuclei where proteins are made
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ribosome
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made of RNA and protein, small area in teh cell where proteins are gathered together
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endoplasmic reticulum
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the membrane inside the cell where lipid parts are made and some proteins are changed
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Golgi apparatus
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the stack of membranes in the cell that changes, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum
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lysosome
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a cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain meterials in teh cell
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vacuole
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cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates
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mitochondrion
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cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into something that is easier for the cell to use
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chloroplast
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organelle found in cells of plants and some other organism that cathces the energy from sunlight and changes it into chemical energy
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cytoskeleton
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something inside of some cells that helps the cell to keep its shape; it also helps the cell to move
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centriole
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found in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope
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cell membrane
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thin, flexible barrier around a cell; controls what goes in and out of the cell
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cell wall
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strong supporting layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae, and some bacteria
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lipid bilayer
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double-layered sheet that forms the core of nearly all cell membranes
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concentration
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the mass of solute (substance that is dissolved in a solvent to make a solution) in a given volume of solution, or mass/volume
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diffusion
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the process of when molecules that are really close together move to an area where there are less molecules
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equilibrium
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when the concentration of a solute is the same throughout a solution
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osmosis
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diffusion of water through a membrane
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isotonic
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when the concentration of two solutions is the same
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hypertonic
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the solution with the greater concentration of solutes
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hypotonic
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the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes
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facilitated diffusion
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movement of molecules across cell membranes through protein channels
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active transport
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process that requires energy to move material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference
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endocytosis
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a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane
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phagocytosis
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"arms" of cytoplasm surround and "eat" large particles (pieces) and take them into the cell
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pinocytosis
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the cell takes in liquid from the surrounding environment
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exocytosis
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a cell lets go (releases) large amounts of material
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