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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
mRNA |
Translates and tansports genetic code from inside the nucleus into the cytoplasm. |
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tRNA |
Translates the genetic code produced by the mRNA into the protein language of codons so that ribosomes can find and match corresponding anticodons. |
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Ribosome |
The site of protein synthesis along the genetic code |
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Exonucleases |
These digest the mRNA by removing one Adenine at a time from the polyadenine tail. |
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RNA Nucleotides |
These are found in the nucleus and they complimentary base pair to the DNA gene sequence. |
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RNA-polymerase |
This joins the sugar phosphate tibmake a backbone. |
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Why is a polyadenine tail added to the backbone of the mRNA? |
200+ are added to extend the life of the mRNA in the cytoplasm. |
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The Function of DNA |
This controls the production of proteins and other molecules via The Genetic Code. |
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Neucleotide Bases |
Code for genes |
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How does the genetic code get into the cytoplasm? |
mRNA - Takes the message of the genetic code from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. |
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Why can DNA not enter the cytoplasm? |
There are nucleases in the cytoplasm that will digest the DNA. |
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What is a transcription factor? |
This is commonly a hormone that enters the nucleus and binds to the DNA upstream of a particular gene that needs to be expressed. This causes the DNA to 'unzip'. |
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Where are DNA and the activity of protein synthesis located? |
DNA - Nucleus Protein Synthesis - In the cytoplasm |
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What is A - T C - G |
Adenine - Thymine Cytosine - Guanine |
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Endonuclease |
'Molecular scissors' that cut the mRNA. |
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What are Betaglobins and Antibody proteins? |
Remains of mRNA that remain in the cytoplasm for hours or even days. |
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What is STAGE 1 of Protein Synthesis? |
Transcription |
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What is STAGE 2 of Protein Synthesis? |
Translation |
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What is a codon? |
This is a set of 3 nucleotide bases that directly relate to a specific amino acid. |
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What is an anticodon? |
A complementary base pair to the codon provided by the tRNA. |
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Translation - Quick overview |
Translation of language of DNA into language of proteins (which is amino acids). After the ribosomes identifies the START codon (always AUG), The tRNA provides anticodons to the genetic code provided by mRNA which the ribosomes scans for errors. When none are found, the ribosomes joins the two acids with a peptide bond and moves to the next set of two codons and repeats until a STOP codon is found. |
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Transcription - Quick Overview |
A transcription factor, commonly a horomone, will enter the nucleus and bind to the DNA upstream of the gene that needs to be expressed, which causes the DNA to 'unzip'. RNA nucleotides found in the nucleus complementary base pair to the RNA sequence obtained by mRNA. RNA-polymerase joins the sugar phosphate to make a backbone, and a polyedenine tail is joined for the purpose of giving the mRNA extended life in the cytoplasm. The mRNA exits the nucleus through a nuclear pore with the genetic code and enters the cytoplasm where exo and endonucleases digest both the adenine tail and the mRNA. This starts the second process, Translation. |