Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Helicases
|
Enzymes that untwist the double helix at the replication forks, separating the two parental strands and making them available as template strands.
|
|
Single-Stranded Binding Proteins
|
Bind to unpaired DNA strands, stabilizes them and holds them apart while they serve as templates for the synthesis of complementary strands of DNA.
|
|
Topoisomerase
|
Relieves strain caused by the untwisting of the double-helix, by breaking, swiveling, and rejoining DNA strands.
|
|
Primer
|
A short stretch of RNA with a free 3' end, bound by complementary base pairing to the template strand and elongated with DNA nucleotides during DNA replication.
|
|
Primase
|
An enzyme that joins RNA nucleotides to make a primer during DNA replication, using the parental DNA strand as a template.
|
|
DNA Polymerases
|
An enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA by the addition of nucleotides to the 3' end of an existing chain.
|
|
Leading Strand
|
The new complementary DNA strand synthesized continuously along the template strand toward the replication fork in the mandatory 5'-3' direction.
|
|
Lagging Strand
|
A discontinuously synthesized DNA strand that elongates by means of Okazaki fragments, each synthesized in a 5'-3' direction away from the replication fork.
|
|
DNA Ligase
|
A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication; catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 3' end of one DNA fragment to the 5' end of another DNA fragment
|
|
Nuclease
|
An enzyme that cuts DNA or RNA, either removing one or a few bases or hydrolyzing the DNA or RNA completely into its component nucleotides.
|
|
Nucleotide Excision Repair
|
A repair system that removes and then correctly replaces a damaged segment of DNA using the undamaged strand as a guide.
|
|
Telomere
|
The tandemly repetitive DNA at the end of a eukaryotic chromosome's DNA molecule. Telomeres protect the organism's genes from being eroded during successive rounds of replication.
|
|
Telomerase
|
An enzyme that catalyzes the lengthening of telomeres in eukaryotic germ cells.
|
|
Gene Expression
|
The process by which information encoded in DNA directs the synthesis of proteins or in some cases, RNAs that are not translated into proteins and instead function as RNAs.
|
|
Transcription
|
The synthesis of RNA using a DNA template.
|
|
Translation
|
The synthesis of a polypeptide (Amino Acid) using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. There is a change of "language" from nucleotides to amino acids.
|
|
Ribosomes
|
The cite of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm.
|
|
RNA Polymerase
|
An enzyme that links ribonucleotides into a growing RNA chain during transcription, based on complementary binding to nucleotides on a DNA template strand
|
|
mRNA Degradation
|
The life span of mRNA molecules in the cytoplasm is a key to determining protein synthesis. Eukryotic mRNA lives longer.
|
|
Silent
|
Change in nucleotide that does not change amino acid specified by codon.
Change in genotype but no change in phenotype |
|
Missense
|
Change in nucleotide that changes amino acid specified by codon.
Change in primary structure of protein. |
|
Nonsense
|
Change in nucleotide that results in early stop codon.
Premature termination, polypeptide is truncated. |
|
Frameshift
|
Addition or deletion of a nucleotide.
Reading frame is shifted. Massive missense. |