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81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the 6 Characteristics of Life?
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1. have cells and DNA
2. growth and development 3. reproduction 4. metabolism 5. respond to stimuli 6. population evolve over time |
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dissecting microscope
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allows low magnification for large specimens
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Compound Light Microscope
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allows magnification up to 400X the original speciman
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scanning electron microscope (SEM)
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bombards a gold-covered specimen to take a picture of its shape
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Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
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bombards a slice of a specimen to show the internal components of a specimen
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Eyepiece or Ocular
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magnifies the object; the part you look through
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coarse adjustment knob
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makes large changes in the focus
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fine adjustment knob
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makes small changes to the focus
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arm
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holds lenses over the stage
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stage
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holds the slide
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stage clips
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holds the slide in place
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objectives
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lenses that magnify the object. low power: 4X, medium: 10X, high: 40X
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Light Source
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supplies the light
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diaphragm
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controls the amount of light that passes through the object.
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base
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keeps the microscope upright
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Robert Hooke
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developed early compound microscope (2 lenses). Named cells "cells"
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Anton Van Leeuwenhook
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made a better simpler microscope (1 lense). Saw plaque, blood and sperm cells.
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William Harvey
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Studies the heart and circulatory system. Defined the anatomy of the circulatory system.
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Joseph Lister
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started cleaning surgical instruments and covering patients during surgery.
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Edward Jenner
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created the first vaccine. (small Pox) used cow pus from cows with cow pox
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James Francis and Watson Crick
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Modeled the DNA strand. Discovered the double helix.
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Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins
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helped discover the double helix by using X-ray crystallography.
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Carolus Linneus
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developed binomial naming organisms. (genus, species). He also developed binomial nomenclature for plant types.
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Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace
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co-proposed theory for how population evolved
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Redi and Pasteur
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Redi disproved spontaneous generation for macromolecules. Pasteur disproved it for micro molecules.
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Schleiden, Schwann and Virchow.
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founders of cell theory.
1. All plants are made of cells 2. All animals are made of cells 3. Cells divide to make new cells |
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Miller and Urey
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created organic compounds from reducing gases
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Aristotle
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originator of the scientific approach to life
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Felming
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discovered first antibiotic. Penicillin
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Salk
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developed polio vaccine
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Drew
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started the first blood bank
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Pavlov
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classical conditioning
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Lorenz
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discovered instinctive imprinting
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Mary and Louis Leakey
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anthropoligists
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Goodall
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studied chimpanzees.
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Carson
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wrote "The Silent Spring" that ended up banning DDT
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The Scientific Method
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1. define the problem
2. make a hypothesis 3. perform an experiment 4. analyze the results 5. Conclude |
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control group
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the group that lacks the variable being tested
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experimental group
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the group that has the variable being tested.
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independent variable
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the variable being tested in the experiment.
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dependent variable
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what is measured as the result of your experiment
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controlled variable
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all things that are the same between the control group and the experimental group.
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level of treatment
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the quantity or type of the independent variable.
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theory
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a hypothesis that has been tested repeatedly and supported by a large amount of evidence.
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observation
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information gained by your five senses =
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inference
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an assumption based on observations
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carbohydrate elements
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carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
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carbohydrate monomers
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glucose
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carbohydrate use
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storing and releasing energy
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carbohydrate examples
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glucose, cellulose, fructose, starch
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carbohydrate bonds
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hydrogen
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protein elements
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carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur
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protein monomers
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amino acids
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protein use
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structural support, immune systems, membrane functions and biochemical reactions
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protein examples
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keratin, antibodies, enzymes
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protein bonds
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peptide
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lipid elements
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carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
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lipid monomers
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glycerol and fatty acids
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lipid use
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protective coatings, membrane functions and long-term energy storage
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lipid examples
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wax, pigments, triglycerides
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nucleic acid elements
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carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous.
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nucleic acid elements
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nucleotides
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nucleic acid use
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encodes info for protein synthesis
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nucleic acid examples
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DNA and RNA
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lock and key theory
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only one substrate will fit into one active site
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factors that affect enzymes
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pH, temperature, or salinty
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endosymbiotic theory
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bacteria began living inside of other prokaryotes.
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evidence of endosymbiotic theory
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1. ribosomes are the same size as in prokaryotes
2. own DNA 3. two membranes 4.binary fission |
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cell theory
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1. All things are made of cells
2. calls are the basic unit of all living things 3. All cells come from pre-existing cells |
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prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes
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1. eukaryotes have a double membrane.
2. prokaryotes have no organelles 3. prokaryotes are smaller |
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marker proteins
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act as antigens. so body can recognize its own cells
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transport proteins
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positioned in the lipid bilayer so subtrates can be carrried across through facilitated diffusion
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enzymatic proteins
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help facilitate chemical reactions
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structural proteins
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helps maintain the shape of the cell
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receptor proteins
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allow neurotransmitters to trigger responses outside the cell
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cholestoral molecules
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help stabilize the lipid bilayer
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duffusion
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the natural tendancy of molecules to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
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osmosis
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the diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane.
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hypertonic
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a solution that contains a higher concentration of solute
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hypotonic
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a solution contains a lower concentration of solute
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Isotonic
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a solution that remains in dynamic eqilibrium
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