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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
IDENTIFY THE 3 KINDS OF TISSUES IN A VASCULAR PLANT'S BODY AND STATE THE FUNCTION OF EACH
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1) Dermal : forms protective outer layer of the plant (protects against water loss). Also helps aborb nutrients and gas exchange.
2) ground tissue - the inside of the plant. Has many functions. Composed of thick and thin walled cells 3)vascular tissue -conducts water, organic compounds & minerals throughout the plant -all leaves, stems and roots of vasc plants have these 3 tissues |
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DERMAL TISSUE
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Forms the protective outer layer around the plant
- in woody parts, cover is cork - in nonwoody parts, the cover is epidermis |
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EPIDERMIS
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-The skin of a nonwoody plant
- part of the dermal tissue -made up a single layer of flat cells and a waxy cuticle that prevents water loss -often has hairlike extensions on leaves and roots |
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FUNCTION OF HAIRLIKE EXTENSION ON THE SKIN OF THE PLANT
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-At the leaves - they slow water loss
- at the roots - they help increase absorption of nutrients |
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CORK
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-the dermal tissue that covers woody plants
- is a non waxy residue (unlike nonwoody plants) - contain waterproof chemical -protects the plant from physical damage |
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FUNCTIONS OF THE GROUND TISSUE (VARIES BY PART OF THE PLANT)
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- Ground tissue in leaves - has chloroplasts that specialize in photosynthesis
- ground tissue in stems and roots- i stores water, sugar and starch - throughout the rest of the body - surrounds and supports the vascular tissue |
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VASCULAR TISSUE
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contain stack of strands or pipes that carry fluids and other substances through a plant's body.
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2 TYPES OF VASCULAR TISSUE
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Xylem and phloem
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XYLEM
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Thick walled cells that conduct water & mineral nutrients from the roots thru the stems, leaves.
2 types: 1) tracheid - narrow and long 2) vessels - xylem forms the patterns we see in wood |
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VESSELS
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- part of the xylem
-Wider than the tracheid cells and have large holes called perforations - perforations allow water to flow b/n vessel cells quickly |
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PHLOEM
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Contains cells that conduct sugars and other nutrients through out the plants body.
-Phloem is a sugar conductive tissue. -It's comprised of sieve cells or sieve tube members. Both have pores. |
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SIEVE TUBES
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-CONDUCTING STRANDS IN A PHLOEM
- ALLOWS SUBSTANCES TO PASS from CELLS TO CELLS |
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WHAT DO SIEVE CELLS AND SIEVE TUBE MEMBERS HAVE IN THEIR END WALLS THAT FUNCTION IN CONDUCTION?
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Pores
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WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A TRACHEID AND A VESSEL?
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Tracheids have no perforation plates, while vessels have perforation plates in their end wall.
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DIFFERENT TYPE OF ROOTS
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1)taproot -central root system from which other smaller roots branch out - 2)Adventitious roots -grow from above ground stems or in the air like orchids
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WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF ROOTS?
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-Anchorage,
-absorption (of water and minerals) -and sometimes storage |
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CORTEX
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The ground tissue surrounding the vascular tissue of the roots and stems
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ROOT HAIRS
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Produced by epidermal cells, just behind a root tip,
-increase the surface area of the roots and its ability to absorb water and nutrients |
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ROOT CAP
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A mass of cells covers and protects the growing root tip
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FUNCTION OF STEMS
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-Connect roots to leafs,
-Support leafs, - and house the vascular tissue to absorb nutrient and water |
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2 TYPES OF STEMS
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1) non-woody - found in herbaceous plants - stems are flexible and green - xylem and phloem are arrnaged in vascular bundles
2) woody - stiff and non-green found in trees, - shrubs, pines oaks etc - have an inner core of xylem surrounded by a cylinder of phloem |
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VASCULAR BUNDLES
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- bundles of xylem and phloem that are inside of the stems
- In non-woody plant: bundles are arranged in a ring (in dicots) or the bundles are scattered in the ground tissue (as in monocots) - vasc bundles are surrounded by ground tissue - pic in pg 574 |
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PITH
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Ground tissue inside the ring of stems (the ring that is formed by the vascular bundles in a dicot's stem)
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HEARTWOOD
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The wood in the center of a mature tree trunk
- its xylem can no longer conduct water, and just provides support |
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SAPWOOD
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Lies outside the heartwood and contains vessel cells that can conduct water
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11. WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF A STEM? OF LEAVES?
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- Stem functions in support and as a conduction pathway
-Leaves are the major photosynthetic organs |
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17. WHAT DO ROOTS HAVE THAT DISTINGUISH THEM FROM SHOOTS?
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They differ from stems in having: a root cap, root hairs (absorption), and no external primordial (no young leaves)
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LEAVES -
-FUNCTION LEAVES - PARTS LEAVES - TYPES - structure- what is made of? |
-function -Carry out photosynthesis
- leaf parts: petiole and blade -2 types: simple (undivided blade) and compound (2 or more leaflets) -leaflet - sections of a leaf - structure: ground tissue and vascular tissue covered by epidermis that has a cuticle (waxy residue), -Vac tissue lies in the veins of the leafs |
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PETIOLE
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The stalk of the leaf -
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BLADE
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Flat portion of the leaf
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MESOPHYLL
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-the ground tissue of leaf
- mesophill is filled with chloroplasts where photosynthesis occurs - most plants have 2 layers - |
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- CHLOROPHYL -
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Makes leafs look green
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RELATE TRANSPIRATION TO THE MOVEMENT OF WATER UP A PLANT
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Transpiration is the beginning or the cause of the water moving up the plant
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DESCRIBE HOW GUARD CELLS REGULATE THE RATE OF TRANSPIRATION
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- They open and close depending on the amt of water
- they open to take in water -and they close as the cell looses water so that no more water is lost - an example of homeostasis |
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PROCESS OF TRANSLOCATION
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The movement of organic compounds in a plant from a source to a sink
- a more complex process than water transport - organic compounds move in all direction (water only moves up) - organic compounds go through the citoplasm |
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HOW DOES WATER GET PULLED UP THRU A PLANT
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1) transporation occurs - wind carries away water vapor from the leaves - it exists thru stomata
2) this loss creates a pull that draws water in the xylem up through the xylem 3) thru osmosis the roots take in more water to replace water that went up the stem |
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TRANSPIRATION
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Loss of water vapor through a plant - thru the stomata (pores)
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SOURCE
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Part of the plant that provides organic compounds for other part of the plants
ex - leaf makes starch during photosynthesis |
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SINK
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Part of a plant that organic compound are delivered to
-ex -developing fruits and growing roots |
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PRESSURE FLOW MODEL
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Describes translocation
1)sugar from a source enter phloem cell by active transport 2) as sugar concentration increases, water enters seave tubes via osmosis 3) pressure builds up inside the sieve tubes and pushes sugar through the sieve tubes at 100cm/r 4) sugar moves thru phloem cell to a sink by active transport |
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26.2: RECOGNIZE SEVERAL DISTINGUISHING FEATURES IF SUGAR MAPLE TREES -P 580-1
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SAP is the sugar passing thru the xylem
- in the spring and summer, SAP travels up and down - When growth stops, sap gets stored in roots and trunk. B/c of pressure, when you drill holes into a maple tree, SAP drips out - sap used to make maple syrup - wood good for furnitue, floors |
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BARK in woody stems
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BARK = cork + phloem
(in trees) |
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structure of roots
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- central core of vascular tissue surrounded by ground tissue and epidermal tissue
- root hairs on root tips |