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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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a sugar or polymer of sugar |
carbohydrate |
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a group of organic compounds including facts, steroids, and phospholipids |
lipid |
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a sequence of sugars, phosphates, and nitrogenous organic bases; rna and dna |
nucleic acid |
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a chemical compound in which each molecule is made up of two or more simpler molecules strung together |
polymer |
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a reaction in which two or more molecules unite, forming a complex molecule |
polymerization |
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a large complex organic molecule consisting of a large number of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds |
protein |
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basic unite of proteins |
amino acids |
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synthesis of repeating molecules |
polymerization |
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an acid located in the cell nucleus |
rna |
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decomposition using water |
hydrolysis |
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how many electrons does carbon lack in its outer shell |
4 |
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carbon is ideally suited to form ionic bonds t/f |
false |
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many elements bond to carbon by exchanging electrons t/f |
false |
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why can carbon bond to many elements simultaneously |
because it is capable of forming multiple covalent bonds |
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what common elements bond to carbon |
hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen |
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what happens when organic molecules decompose |
energy is released |
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when compounds which are formed from ionic bonds decompose, the products: |
are usually ions of the original elements |
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a bonding of subunits to form a polymer with the loss of water |
dehydration synthesis |
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main type of carbohydrates |
monosaccharides |
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what is starch made up of |
C6H12O6 |
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carbohydrates are produced readily by ______ |
plants |
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what happens during dehydration synthesis |
carbohydrate polymers formed |
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common name for c6h12o6 |
glucose |
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starch is a monosaccharide t/f |
false |
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simple sugars are ___________, complex sugars are ___________ |
monosaccharides, polysaccharides |
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most abundant source of carbs |
green plants |
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a protein specialized to defend the body against disease |
antibody |
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a chemical synthesized by an organism which aids in the control of a specific function of an organism |
hormone |
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the breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules with water being reactant |
hydrolysis |
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a group of organic compounds including fats, steroids, and phospholipids |
lipid |
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a large complex molecule consisting of a large number of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds |
protein |
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two components of fats |
glycerol, fatty acids |
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a protein can be composed of as few as ________ amino acids or as many as _______ |
50, 5000 |
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steroids are ______ |
lipids |
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lipids are soluble in solvents called _____________ |
organic solvents |
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cholesterol belongs to __________ |
steroids |
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a complex molecule containing the genetic code |
dna |
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sequence of sugars, phosphates and nitrogenous organic bases |
nucleic acid |
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a nucleic acid which participates in the synthesis of proteins |
rna |
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3 basic parts of a sugar |
sugar, phosphate group, base |
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four bases of dna |
adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine |
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pairs of the bases in dna |
adenine with thymine, guanine with cytosine |
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the largest and most sophisticated molecules in a cell _______ |
nucleic acid |
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nucleic acids carry the _______ codes of life |
hereditary |
